“…In recent decades, geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) structures have been constructed more frequently, such as subgrade [1,2], embankment [3,4], retaining walls [5][6][7], slopes [8,9], and landfills [10,11], because they have the advantages of low cost [12], simple construction, and environmental protection [8,13] and can deform without damage. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrids, as an example of the important geosynthetics reinforcement materials, are commonly adopted in many GRS structures, such as reinforced soil retaining wall and reinforced slopes, especially for steep slopes [14][15][16], because of their excellent mechanical characteristics such as high strength, high elongation, and durability.…”