Surgical Treatment of Capillary Hemangiomas Causing Amblyopia

Refractive and structural changes in infantile periocular capillary haemangioma treated with propranolol

“…[13][14][15] In severe cases, it can cause disfiguring proptosis, exposure keratitis, compressive optic neuropathy, and facial/lid deformation. 16,17 First-line therapy with corticosteroids: systemic (oral and intravenous), through local intralesional injection, periorbital infusion, or combined intralesional and posterior sub-Tenon's infusion yielded anatomical and refractive improvement. [18][19][20] However, prolonged treatment with several sessions sometimes required general anaesthesia for proper administration, and posed a risk of serious ocular and systemic side effects.…”

The use of propranolol for complicated infantile hemangiomas

“…9,10 Periorbital and palpebral IH are at risk of developing ophthalmological complications, mainly anisometric and deprivation amblyopia. [11][12][13] Nasal hemangiomas may cause nasal deformity and displacement of the alar cartilages, impairing the normal growth of the nose. 14 Labial IH do not usually cause functional problems but are frequently responsible for permanent anatomical deformities, with important psychosocial consequences.…”

“…[16][17][18] Early laser therapy and emergency surgery have also been used for the rapid treatment of proliferating function-and life-threatening hemangiomas. 11,19,20 Several authors have recently reported that propranolol can inhibit the proliferative phase of IH. 9,[21][22][23][24][25][26] In addition, the efficacy of propranolol therapy has been documented (i.e., in the involutive phase).…”

“…IH involving the chin, inferior lip, and anterior region of the neck present the highest risk for laryngeal involvement with secondary airway obstruction . Periorbital and palpebral IH are at risk of developing ophthalmological complications, mainly anisometric and deprivation amblyopia . Nasal hemangiomas may cause nasal deformity and displacement of the alar cartilages, impairing the normal growth of the nose .…”

“…Early laser therapy and emergency surgery have also been used for the rapid treatment of proliferating function‐ and life‐threatening hemangiomas …”