Surgical treatment of hernia in cattle: A review

Abstract

This study aimed to highlight on hernial types that effect animals specially in cattle, the ways of diagnosis and treatment by using different techniques, which way is more suitable either the highlight on advantage and disadvantage of these techniques. There are many type of hernia may happen in cattle's but the most frequently noted in cattle was ventral and umbilical hernia. The researches confirmed that the umbilical hernia usually accrued in calves due to failure to close of the umbilical cord, while ventral hernia is usually present in cattle due to trauma, heavy weight. Hernia was easy to diagnoses by case history, inspection and palpation. There are several techniques to treat hernia, surgical or non-surgical depending on the size and the type of hernia. In case of surgical techniques, there are twotype open and closed surgical operation. The recent searches commend that in case of simple and small hernia in size they treat by suturing the edges of ring by absorbable suture (Hernioraphy), but in case of large hernia must be used mesh to support the muscle in technique named (Hernioplasty). Mesh may cause irritation in its site, cause post-operative pain, and delay the time of healing so the recent searches to make solution to this problems mesh must be covert by special material to make barrier between it and muscle and lubricated the site hernia.

Herniorrafia e Orquiectomia em caprino – relato de caso

“…Estas podem ser classificadas como congênitas ou adquiridas, e são compostas por um anel herniário, que pode estar presente ao nascimento ou ser formado posteriormente; um saco herniário e seu conteúdo, não havendo ruptura do peritônio e pele (AUER; STICK, 2012). O conteúdo presente no saco herniário varia conforme a situação e a forma da hérnia, sendo as alças intestinais as principais estruturas acometidas (FARMAN et al, 2017).…”

Ventro-Lateral Abdominal Hernia in Sheep and its Surgical Correction Techniques - A Case Report

“…The opening is caused by a tear in the abdominal wall or it may be a natural opening like the inguinal canal or femoral canal. There are different types of hernia in small and large animals that are classified according to their anatomical locations into umbilical, inguinal, scrotal, femoral, perineal, and ventral (or abdominal) hernias [1,2].…”

“…A Ventral hernia or Ventro-lateral is defined as a hernia through any part of the abdominal wall other than a natural orifice and the hernia is ventral to the stifle skin fold [1,3] or a ventral hernia is caused by the migration of viscera through a tear in the abdominal wall that is mostly due to trauma (kicks, horn thrust, violent contact with blunt object and sudden jump) that resulted in rupture of the prepubic tendon in large animals, particularly cow and mare. A ventral abdominal hernia is commonly found acquired condition in ruminants and horses and common in dog and pig compare to other domestic species [2,4].…”

“…Thus, trauma such as kick by large animals (camel), horn thrust in cattle or violent contact with blunt objects or automobile accident or an abscess in the abdominal cavity and all these conditions may lead to weakening of the abdominal muscles lead to a ventral hernia. Besides, abdominal distension due to pregnancy or violent straining during parturition may lead to ventral hernia especially in sheep [1,5]. The hernial swelling varied in the location from the iliac crest to the lateral side of the thoracic cavity.…”

“…Exploratory laparotomy used to diagnosis the defect, X-ray used to differentiate abdominal wall hernias from fibrin-cystic, abscess, and inflammatory swellings in bovine animals. Besides, such types of cases should be treated as soon as possible; otherwise, the prognosis will be grave [1,8].…”