“…In this chapter, we introduce two ML models that exploit the advantages of DNN and ELM in order to provide a robust and generalised solution for ngerprintingbased indoor positioning applications. The rst model combines CNN and LSTM to estimate the user or device position (positioning model of the SURIMI framework introduced in Chapter 4) Quezada-Gaibor, Torres-Sospedra, Nurmi, Koucheryavy, and Huerta [180]. The second model uses CNN and ELM to provide a fast and accurate solution for classifying ngerprints into oor and building Quezada-Gaibor, Torres-Sospedra, Nurmi, Koucheryavy, and Huerta [13].…”