Surprise, Hurt, and Anger as Emotional Responses to Expectancy Violations Following Feedback Messages

Bennett, Lance Kyle; Scruggs, Xavier; Woods, Joy Melody

doi:10.1080/08824096.2020.1737000

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Instances of violations vary in the degree to which they were unexpected (Afifi & Metts, 1998), indicating a deviation from the expectancy. In a study of unexpected feedback messages, researchers found that violation unexpectedness is positively related to negative emotional responses, such as hurt and anger (Bennett et al, 2020). Similarly, the negative feelings of our participants were associated with their conflict expected latency, which indicates the degree to which a “no-response” from their partner is unexpected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No response? Chronemic expectancy violation and relational turbulence in technologically-mediated romantic relational conflict

Huang,

Yao

2023

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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An extensive body of literature shows how people deal with conflicts, verbally and nonverbally, in interpersonal interactions. However, the role of technologically-mediated communication (TMC) in romantic relational conflict has received less attention. Through the lenses of Relational Turbulence and Expectancy Violations Theories, this study explored how a chronemic expectancy violation from a romantic partner impacts emotional well-being in a TMC-involved conflict discussion. Two online questionnaires were distributed. First, a pilot study was conducted to understand the basic online communication dynamics between emerging adult romantic partners (e.g., usual response latency) and possible emotions when they experience a chronemic expectancy violation from their partner on TMC. Results show that people are likely to experience negative affect and other specific emotions (e.g., disillusion, loneliness, frustration, hurt, anger) if their partner takes longer than expected to respond. The main study then further explored how individuals’ expectations differ in a hypothetical TMC-involved conflict scenario where they use text-based TMC to discuss a recent romantic conflict with their partners. Participants were instructed to imagine a chronemic expectancy violation whereby their partner does not respond within their expected time period (i.e., conflict expected latency) and report their feelings about it. Results show that people expect their partners to respond more rapidly in the conflict scenario than usual and report negative feelings after the expectancy violations. Conflict-specific (e.g., seriousness), personal (e.g., attachment anxiety and avoidance), and relational (e.g., commitment) variables also influence the intensity of their emotional experiences. This research enhances comprehension of nonverbal cues in text-based TMC and potential emotional repercussions in romantic conflict management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No response? Chronemic expectancy violation and relational turbulence in technologically-mediated romantic relational conflict

Huang,

Yao

2023

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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“…Whether a violation of expectations is evaluated positively or negatively depends on the reward valence of the recipient (expecting individual) and whether the invisible threat threshold is crossed (Burgoon, 2015 ). Regardless of the evaluation of a violation of expectations, the latter is associated with an emotional experience in the ‘violated person’ (Bennett et al, 2020 ). Depending on the intensity of the experienced emotion, it may cause speechlessness within the individual.…”

Section: Linking Speechlessness To Psychological Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speechlessness: a Conceptual Framework

Dietz

Schiewer

Karbach

et al. 2023

Integr. psych. behav.

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The phenomenon of speechlessness has hardly been considered in the literature from a psychological point of view. Previous research on speechlessness is limited to the fields of neurology, medicine or psychopathology. The present review aims to consider speechlessness from a psychological perspective distinct from pathology, and to highlight its observability and possible connections to existing research in the context of emotional cognition and processing. Search terms were developed and a comprehensive, systematic literature search was conducted in various databases based on previous scientific work on the understanding of non-speech, silence and speechlessness. Only results that examined the phenomenon of speechlessness from a non-pathological or non-neurological perspective were included. A total of N = 7 publications matching the inclusion criteria were identified. The results were used to develop a procedual model for the phenomenological definition of speechlessness. The developed model differentiates the observable phenomenon of speechlessness into a non-intentional, unconscious form and a intentional, conscious form. The present work suggests that meaningful emotions and their perception and processing is a core element in the emergence of speechlessness and provides a first, psychological, non-pathological explanation of speechlessness.

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“…Corporations’ CSR programs could face tremendous challenges if they fail to meet stakeholders’ expectations [ 2 ]. Scholars have established connections between stakeholders’ negative violation valence (i.e., the degree to which violations are considered to be negative expectations [ 10 ]), feelings of uncertainty, and attitudes toward corporate reputation [ 11 ]. Cheng et al [ 12 ] found a negative relationship between consumers’ CSR skepticism and their brand loyalty and preferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of CSR Perceptions on Employees’ Turnover Intention during the COVID-19 Crisis in China

Cheng

Wang

Pan

2022

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created tremendous challenges for organizations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR), communication, and relationship management with internal stakeholders such as employees. This study conducted an online survey of 466 employees working for large Chinese corporations during the pandemic. A structural equation model based on insights from expectancy violation theory was used to examine how negative violation valence increases employees’ turnover intention as mediated by uncertainty, CSR cynicism, and distrust. The survey results showed that employees’ negative violation valence positively influenced their uncertainty about their organizations’ CSR activities, which fostered their cynicism about CSR and distrust of their organization. Employees’ CSR cynicism increased their distrust toward their organizations, which increased their turnover intention. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed as well.

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Surprise, Hurt, and Anger as Emotional Responses to Expectancy Violations Following Feedback Messages

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

No response? Chronemic expectancy violation and relational turbulence in technologically-mediated romantic relational conflict

No response? Chronemic expectancy violation and relational turbulence in technologically-mediated romantic relational conflict

Speechlessness: a Conceptual Framework

The Impact of CSR Perceptions on Employees’ Turnover Intention during the COVID-19 Crisis in China

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