Surround Antagonism in Macaque Cone Photoreceptors

Verweij, Jan; Hornstein, Eric P.; Schnapf, Julie L.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-32-10249.2003

Cited by 122 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Lateral inhibitory interactions in the OPL contribute to the surround portion of the receptive fields of bipolar and ganglion cells (Werblin and Dowling, 1969;Mangel, 1991;McMahon et al, 2004). However, several studies suggest that the OPL generated surround signal is not mediated by GABA (Verweij et al, 1996;Kamermans et al, 2001;Verweij et al, 2003;McMahon et al, 2004). In contrast, lateral inhibition in the IPL, which contributes to the surround of ganglion cells, is mediated by GABA (Cook and McReynolds, 1998;Flores-Herr et al, 2001).…”

Section: Ganglion Cell Layer and Inner Nuclear Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

c-Fos expression in the visual system of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)

Poveda¹,

Kretz²

2009

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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Section: Ganglion Cell Layer and Inner Nuclear Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

c-Fos expression in the visual system of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)

Poveda¹,

Kretz²

2009

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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“…Given the dependence of sustained rod transmission on calcium induced calcium release from intracellular stores (Suryanarayanan & Slaughter, 2006), 2-APB may be unsuitable for physiological studies in the retina. Carbenoxolone is commonly used as a gap junction antagonist but it also blocks calcium channels (Vessey et al, 2004) and has a direct inhibitory effect on light responses (Verweij et al, 2003;Xia & Nawy, 2003). In addition, the comparative toxicity of carbenoxolone and the difficulty in washing it out complicate the interpretation of experiments based on the use of this gap junction antagonist.…”

Section: Comparative Pharmacology Of Gap Junction Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of gap junction antagonists on dye coupling in the rabbit retina

2007

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Many cell types in the retina are coupled via gap junctions and so there is a pressing need for a potent and reversible gap junction antagonist. We screened a series of potential gap junction antagonists by evaluating their effects on dye coupling in the network of A-type horizontal cells. We evaluated the following compounds: meclofenamic acid (MFA), mefloquine, 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borate (2-APB), 18-α-glycyrrhetinic acid, 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18-β-GA), retinoic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, and carbenoxolone. The efficacy of each drug was determined by measuring the diffusion coefficient for Neurobiotin (Mills & Massey, 1998). MFA, 18-β-GA, 2-APB and mefloquine were the most effective antagonists, completely eliminating A-type horizontal cell coupling at a concentration of 200 μM. Niflumic acid, flufenamic acid, and carbenoxolone were less potent. Additionally, carbenoxolone was difficult to wash out and also may be harmful, as the retina became opaque and swollen. MFA, 18-β-GA, 2-APB and mefloquine also blocked coupling in Btype horizontal cells and AII amacrine cells. Because these cell types express different connexins, this suggests that the antagonists were relatively non-selective across several different types of gap junction. It should be emphasized that MFA was water-soluble and its effects on dye coupling were easily reversible. In contrast, the other gap junction antagonists, except carbenoxolone, required DMSO to make stock solutions and were difficult to wash out of the preparation at the doses required to block coupling in A-type HCs. The combination of potency, water solubility and reversibility suggest that MFA may be a useful compound to manipulate gap junction coupling.

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“…However, neither the detailed circuitry nor the relative contributions of horizontal and amacrine cells to the primate ganglion cell surround are completely understood. The presence of inhibitory surrounds in macaque cones (Verweij et al, 2003) suggests that horizontal cell feedback at the cone synapse must play a major role. Strong surrounds in macaque cone bipolar cells (Dacey et al, 2000a) together with the nature of the horizontal cell light response itself (Packer et al, 2002) further support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Classical Receptive Field Surround of Primate Parasol Ganglion Cells Is Mediated Primarily by a Non-GABAergic Pathway

McMahon¹,

Packer²,

Dacey³

2004

J. Neurosci.

107

103

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Although the center-surround receptive field is a fundamental property of retinal ganglion cells, the circuitry that mediates surround inhibition remains controversial. We examined the contribution of horizontal cells and amacrine cells to the surround of parasol ganglion cells of macaque and baboon retina by measuring receptive field structure before and during the application of drugs that have been shown previously to affect surrounds in a range of mammalian and nonmammalian species. Carbenoxolone and cobalt, thought to attenuate feedback from horizontal cells to cones, severely reduced the surround. Tetrodotoxin, which blocks sodium spiking in amacrine cells, and picrotoxin, which blocks the inhibitory action of GABA, only slightly reduced the surround. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the surrounds of light-adapted parasol ganglion cells are generated primarily by non-GABAergic horizontal cell feedback in the outer retina, with a small contribution from GABAergic amacrine cells of the inner retina.

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Surround Antagonism in Macaque Cone Photoreceptors

Cited by 122 publications

References 61 publications

c-Fos expression in the visual system of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)

c-Fos expression in the visual system of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)

Screening of gap junction antagonists on dye coupling in the rabbit retina

The Classical Receptive Field Surround of Primate Parasol Ganglion Cells Is Mediated Primarily by a Non-GABAergic Pathway

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