Surveillance of Above- and Below-Ground Mosquito Breeding Habitats in a Rural Midwestern Community: Baseline Data for Larvicidal Control Measures Against West Nile Virus Vectors

Kronenwetter-Koepel, Tamara A.; Meece, Jennifer K.; Miller, Christopher A.; Reed, Kurt D.

doi:10.3121/cmr.3.1.3

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…breeding and are frequently targeted by WNV vector control programs. 26,27 However, to our knowledge, this is the first time common yard or discarded artificial containers have been identified as a risk for WNV infection during an outbreak. This finding might have been influenced by the arid nature of the study area, making artificial water sources more important as potential larval habitats for Culex spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010

Gibney¹,

Colborn²,

Baty³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the United States; however, risk factors for infection are poorly defined. We performed a case-control study to identify modifiable risk factors for WNV infection. Case-patients (N = 49) had laboratory evidence of recent WNV infection, whereas control-subjects (N = 74) had negative WNV serology. We interviewed participants, surveyed households, and assessed environmental data. WNV infection was associated with living in or near Water District X within Gilbert Township (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.5-18.1), having water-holding containers in their yard (aOR 5.0; 95% CI = 1.5-17.3), and not working or attending school outside the home (aOR 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1-5.5). During this outbreak, WNV infection was likely primarily acquired peri-domestically with increased risk associated with potential mosquito larval habitats around the home and neighborhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010

Gibney¹,

Colborn²,

Baty³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…These small tract users receive water 1.5 to 2 times a month during full allocation years for a total of 8 to 10 irrigations during the irrigation season which usually runs from March to the end of September. In residential yards where clay hardpans, pockets and indentations in the ground exist, flooding will create ideal breeding sites for Culex mosquitoes, which prefer to lay their eggs in organically enriched, newly created water (25, 26). In 2010 the Vector Control Program of the City of El Paso sent to the Department of State Health Services Laboratory mosquito pools caught in 267 light traps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yard Flooding by Irrigation Canals Increased the Risk of West Nile Disease in El Paso, Texas

Cárdenas

Jaime²,

Ford

et al. 2011

Annals of Epidemiology

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Purpose To investigate the effects of use of water from irrigation canals to flood residential yards on the risk of West Nile disease in El Paso, Texas. Methods West Nile disease confirmed cases in 2009–2010 were compared with a random sample of 50 residents of the county according to access to and use of water from irrigation canals by subjects or their neighbors, as well as geo-referenced closest distance between their home address and the nearest irrigation canal. A windshield survey of 600 meters around the study subjects’ home address recorded the presence of irrigation canals. The distance from the residence of 182 confirmed cases of West Nile disease reported in 2003–2010 to canals was compared to that of the centroids of 182 blocks selected at random. Results Cases were more likely than controls to report their neighbors flooded their yards with water from canals. Irrigation canals were more often observed in neighborhoods of cases than of controls. Using the set of addresses of 182 confirmed cases and 182 hypothetic controls the authors found a statistically significant inverse relation with risk of West Nile disease. Conclusions Flooding of yards with water from canals increased the risk of West Nile disease.

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“…However, the catch basin system in Madison does generate Culex spp. [Irwin, unpublished data] and catch basins are clearly an important habitat in other cities (Geery and Holub, 1989;Knepper et al, 1992;McCarry, 1996;Siegel and Novak, 1997;Su et al, 2003;Kronenwetter-Koepel et al, 2005;Anderson et al, 2006;Rey et al, 2006). In addition, the surveys revealed that approximately one-third of the sites identified in the initial inventory were privately owned.…”

Section: Consistently Productive Sitesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These locations were predominantly constructed, rather than natural, and were classified as ditches or retention ponds. Other studies of urban mosquito production have relied on sampling of a relatively small subset of potential habitats (Rydzanicz and Lonc, 2003;Kronenwetter-Koepel et al, 2005;Gingrich et al, 2006) but these studies have also indicated that constructed above-ground sites are important producers of mosquito larvae.…”

Section: Consistently Productive Sitesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Urban Wet Environment as Mosquito Habitat in the Upper Midwest

et al. 2008

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Sampling of Culex larval habitat plays an important role in West Nile virus surveillance and control programs. Although many cities have established mosquito sampling programs and abatement districts, there is relatively little information describing the extent and ecology of urban surface waters and stormwater systems in different geographic areas and how these parameters affect mosquito communities and control strategies. An aerial survey of the city of Madison, Wisconsin revealed 521 above-ground wet sites. These included both constructed stormwater systems (ditches, retention ponds, detention ponds) and natural wetlands (marshes, flood areas, creeks, and rivers). Repeat sampling of 351 of these sites was conducted during 2004 and 2005. The majority of sites, 58% in 2004 and 72% in 2005, yielded no mosquito larvae, suggesting that physical and biological features of these wet sites limit the development of mosquito larvae. For both years, analysis of the positive samples revealed that less than 25% of sites produced Culex spp. while a small number of ditches and detention ponds were consistent "superproducers" of Culex larvae from year to year. This information will facilitate comparisons across geographical areas and provides insight into local variation in the public health risk due to mosquito transmission of human disease agents.

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Surveillance of Above- and Below-Ground Mosquito Breeding Habitats in a Rural Midwestern Community: Baseline Data for Larvicidal Control Measures Against West Nile Virus Vectors

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010

Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010

Yard Flooding by Irrigation Canals Increased the Risk of West Nile Disease in El Paso, Texas

Urban Wet Environment as Mosquito Habitat in the Upper Midwest

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