Surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in China in the 1980s–1990s

Abstract

Since the successful preparation of the microplates and the medium for field application, the resistance degree and its geographical distribution of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, the fluctuation of the resistance degree of P. falciparum to chloroquine, and the sensitivity of the parasite to commonly used antimalarial drugs were investigated between 1980 and 2003 by the in vitro microtest and the in vivo four-week test recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results indicated that chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria was present in all eight provinces/autonomous regions endemic for falciparum malaria in China, and the resistance was high and widely distributed in the Hainan and Yunnan provinces. When the use of chloroquine was stopped or administered in a decreased quanity, the drug resistance gradually decreased. In Hainan and Yunnan, P. falciparum was still highly resistant to chloroquine, amodiaquine and piperaquine, and sensitive to pyronaridine and artemisinin derivatives, but the sensitivity was gradually reduced. Based on these results, principles and therapeutic regimens for antimalarial drug use in China were formulated, the use of the antimalarials which had already developed resistance was stopped or reduced, and recommendations to use artemisinin derivatives or compound pyronaridine to promote a rational use of antimalarials and strengthen malaria control were made. The results showed that malaria incidence had declined, and endemic areas of falciparum malaria have been gradually reducing since the mid-1980s.

Surveillance and response systems for elimination of tropical diseases: summary of a thematic series in Infectious Diseases of Poverty

“…The scoping reviews pertain to surveillance-response systems for elimination of tropical diseases, namely (i) surveillance-response systems as the key to eliminate tropical diseases [11]; (ii) surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China) [12]; (iii) challenges and needs to eliminate rabies in P.R. China [13]; (iv) a review focusing on TB at the wildlife-livestockhuman interface in Zambia [14]; and (v) epidemiology and interactions of HIV-1 and Schistosoma mansoni in sub-Saharan Africa [15].…”

“…As shown in Fig. 2a, there was a spectrum of author constellations ranging from three single-author contributions [12,16,21] to collaborative pieces co-authored by up to 10 researchers [11]. More than three-quarters (77.3 %) of the articles were written by at least three authors, while the median number of authors per article is four.…”

“…Data on treatments, co-infections and prevalence of a large variety of tropical diseases are provided in this collection. One scoping review put forth by Liu et al [12] emphasises that chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria exists in eight provinces/au tonomous regions of P.R. China.…”

“…The issue also covers formulations and recommendations of therapeutic regimens for antimalarial drug use in P.R. China for artemisinin/ pyronaridine compounds to promote the rational use of antimalarials and strengthen malaria control/elimination efforts [12].…”

China–Africa Cooperation Initiatives in Malaria Control and Elimination

“…Resistance studies on both insecticide and antimalarial drugs are proposed, focussing on the possible mechanisms for resistance occurrence and transmission, which could provide evidence-based strategies for resistance containment in Africa and even worldwide (Liu, 2014).…”