Surveillance of life-long antibiotics: a review of antibiotic prescribing practices in an Australian Healthcare Network

Lau, Jillian S.Y.; Kiss, Christopher; Roberts, Erika; Horne, Kylie; Korman, Tony M.; Woolley, Ian

doi:10.1186/s12941-017-0180-6

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…23 , 25 , 32 , 49 However, some studies suggest that there has been an increase in the number of cases with glycopeptide resistance. 4 , 42 , 50 Although S. aureus receives more attention due to its virulence and methicillin-resistance, nevertheless, CoNS also deserves attention from clinicians due to its increasing significance and resistance. 51…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance and mecA Gene Characterization of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Isolated from Clinical Samples in Nepal

Shrestha¹,

Bhattarai²,

Rai³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Background Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are a significant cause of hospital-acquired and foreign-body-related infections. We conducted this research to assess methicillin susceptibility of CoNS by disc diffusion, agar dilution, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods We received 123 CoNS isolates from different specimens including blood, endotracheal tube, and central venous catheter. We performed sample processing, identification, and characterization following standard guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested based on clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines. We detected methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) through mecA gene, disc diffusion method, and agar dilution method and compared the accuracy with PCR as reference. Results We detected eight species of CoNS with Staphylococcus epidermidis as the most common. Most of the samples were received from the intensive care unit and blood was the dominant specimen followed by endotracheal-tube aspirate. Seventy-one percentage of isolates were methicillin-resistant by PCR method; disc diffusion and agar dilution method detected methicillin resistance with an accuracy of 96.7% and 98.3%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed an association between the different origins of samples, and also among the types of sample. Similarly, a comparison of the degree of resistance of antimicrobial agents between mecA gene positive and negative isolates showed significant differences. Vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin are still effective for treating MRCoNS. Conclusion CoNS are a crucial cause of human infections especially in an intensive care unit setup where the use of devices is common. Disc diffusion and agar dilution are reliable for the detection of MRCoNS. The degree of antimicrobial resistance is much higher in organisms obtained from intensive care unit and foreign-body-related infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance and mecA Gene Characterization of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Isolated from Clinical Samples in Nepal

Shrestha¹,

Bhattarai²,

Rai³

et al. 2020

IDR

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“…A study of beneficiaries of Medicare, a national health insurance program that covers that vast majority of Americans 65 and older, found that the proportion of beneficiaries who take antibiotics varies by US state and drug class (Zhang et al, 2012). In some cases, antibiotic courses can last for months or even years (Enzler et al, 2011; Lau et al, 2017). Because antibiotic use is uneven, total use does not distinguish between broad use—many people receiving a few prescriptions—and intense use—a few people receiving many prescriptions (Berrington, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of antibiotic use and its association with antibiotic resistance

Olesen

Barnett

MacFadden

et al. 2018

eLife

161

102

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Antibiotic use is a primary driver of antibiotic resistance. However, antibiotic use can be distributed in different ways in a population, and the association between the distribution of use and antibiotic resistance has not been explored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that repeated use of antibiotics has a stronger association with population-wide antibiotic resistance than broadly-distributed, low-intensity use. First, we characterized the distribution of outpatient antibiotic use across US states, finding that antibiotic use is uneven and that repeated use of antibiotics makes up a minority of antibiotic use. Second, we compared antibiotic use with resistance for 72 pathogen-antibiotic combinations across states. Finally, having partitioned total use into extensive and intensive margins, we found that intense use had a weaker association with resistance than extensive use. If the use-resistance relationship is causal, these results suggest that reducing total use and selection intensity will require reducing broadly distributed, low-intensity use.

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“…Excessive antibiotic use in humans, agriculture, and animal care has led to development of drug resistance in microorganisms [1]. As a result, substantial effort is being expended to develop new therapeutics and mechanisms for controlling microbial growth to avoid entering a "post-antibiotic" era in which commonly used antibiotics are no longer effective in treating infections [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceragenins as Mimics of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides

Hashemi¹,

Holden²,

DurnaÅ³

et al. 2017

J Antimicrob Agents

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Ceragenins are small molecule mimics of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and as such display broadspectrum antimicrobial activity. These molecules are derived from a common bile acid and can be prepared at a large scale. Because ceragenins are not peptide based, they are not substrates for proteases. Gram-negative and positive bacteria are susceptible to ceragenins, including drug resistant organisms. Although ceragenins and colistin have common features, ceragenins retain full antibacterial activity against colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Bactericidal activity of ceragenins involves selective association with bacterial membranes followed by membrane depolarization. Due to this mechanism of action, which provides bactericidal activity against sessile bacteria, ceragenins eradicate established biofilms. Lipid-enveloped viruses (e.g. vaccinia) are deactivated by ceragenins, and topical application of a lead ceragenin decreases transmission of the virus in skin in a murine model. More recently, the activities of ceragenins against fungal pathogens have been reported, with minimum inhibition concentrations comparable to clinically used anti-fungal agents. In addition to antimicrobial activities, ceragenins have been shown to display some of the "secondary" activities attributed to AMPs. In vivo use of ceragenins to eradicate biofilms, prevent infection and accelerate bone growth demonstrate some of the types of applications in which ceragenins may be used to augment or replace activities of endogenous AMPs.

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Surveillance of life-long antibiotics: a review of antibiotic prescribing practices in an Australian Healthcare Network

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

<p>Antibiotic Resistance and <em>mecA</em> Gene Characterization of Coagulase-negative <em>Staphylococci</em> Isolated from Clinical Samples in Nepal</p>

<p>Antibiotic Resistance and <em>mecA</em> Gene Characterization of Coagulase-negative <em>Staphylococci</em> Isolated from Clinical Samples in Nepal</p>

The distribution of antibiotic use and its association with antibiotic resistance

Ceragenins as Mimics of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides

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