Surveillance Results From the First West Nile Virus Transmission Season in Florida, 2001

Blackmore, Carina; Stark, Lillian M.; Jeter, William; Oliveri, Robin; Brooks, Robert G.; Conti, Lisa; Wiersma, Steven

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2003.69.141

Cited by 100 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Rather, that females were also affected is evidence disease may have played a part in the high mortality that year. Although West Nile virus did not reach Florida until 2001 (Blackmore et al 2003), many other mosquito-borne aviviruses were present in Florida during 1998 (Thomas et al 2003). Rainfall rates, mosquito abundance, and prevalence of encephalitic virus activity are correlated in Florida (Day and Alan 1989); thus, it is possible that high rainfall during 1998 and attendant increases in mosquito abundance could have increased exposure of Cooper's hawks to one or more of these aviviruses that year.…”

Section: Survival and Causes Of Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of the Cooper's Hawk in North Florida

Millsap

Breen

Phillips

2013

North American Fauna

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We studied adult Cooper's hawks Accipiter cooperii on two study areas in north Florida from 1995 to 2001, an area dominated by large plantations managed for northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus and an area of mixed farmland and woods with no direct bobwhite management. We monitored 76 Cooper's hawk nesting attempts at 31 discrete nest areas, and radio-tagged 19 breeding males and 30 breeding females that we radio-tracked for up to 5 y. Nesting density (565 to 1,494 ha per occupied nest area) was comparable but productivity (1.8 and 2.8 young fledged per occupied and successful nest area, respectively) was lower than for the species elsewhere. Prey may have been more limiting than in other areas studied because chipmunks Tamias striatus, an important prey elsewhere, were absent. Annual Cooper's hawk survival averaged 84% for males and 81% for females, except in 1998 when survival was substantially lower. Average annual home-range size for male Cooper's hawks was 15.3 km2 inclusive of one nesting area. Female annual ranges averaged 30.3 km2, and included from three to nine nesting areas. Daily space use was similar between the sexes, but females had separate breeding and nonbreeding ranges whereas males were sedentary. Females used the same nonbreeding areas among years, but switched nesting areas 68% of the time compared with only 17% for males. Birds comprised 88% of the breeding and 98% of the nonbreeding season diet of Cooper's hawks by frequency. Important prey species all year were mourning doves Zenaida macroura, blue jays Cyanocitta cristata, and northern bobwhite; during summer, cattle egrets Bubulcus ibis, northern mockingbirds Mimus polyglottos and northern cardinals Cardinalis cardinalis were also important; and during autumn and winter, killdeer Charadrius vociferus, yellow-billed cuckoos Coccyzus americanus, and chickens were important. Female Cooper's hawks took larger prey than males; females were responsible for most cattle egret and chicken kills; whereas, males took most blue jays, killdeer, northern mockingbirds, and northern cardinals. Of avian prey brought to nests, 64% were nestling birds. Most adult male Cooper's hawks were adept at raiding bird nest boxes. Male Cooper's hawks captured 85% of the prey fed to nestlings. Female Cooper's hawks relied on males for food from early March until young were ≥12 d old, and 6 of 10 breeding females monitored intensively were never observed foraging for their broods. Most prey brought to nestling Cooper's hawks was captured within 2 km of nests, and foraging effort was consistent throughout the day. During the nonbreeding season, most prey captures occurred before 0900 hours or at dusk. Northern bobwhite made up 2% of male and 6% of female Cooper's hawk prey annually by frequency; this extrapolated to 18 bobwhite/year/adult Cooper's hawk on both study areas, 59% of which were captured between November and February. Outside the breeding season, male Cooper's hawks foraged evenly over their home range whereas females tended to focus on prey concentrations. Because female Cooper's hawks were so adept at finding and exploiting prey hotspots, perhaps the best strategy for reducing predation on bobwhite is habitat management that produces an even distribution of bobwhite across the landscape.

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Section: Survival and Causes Of Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of the Cooper's Hawk in North Florida

Millsap

Breen

Phillips

2013

North American Fauna

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“…nigripalpus and Cx. erraticus in southeastern parts of the United States (Blackmore et al 2003, Cupp et al 2007), and C. tarsalis across much of western North America , Turell et al 2005. Culex pipiens may also be important in urban areas in the western United States (Bolling et al 2007).…”

Section: Ecology Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of West Nile Virus Transmission and Its Impact on Birds in the Western Hemisphere

Kilpatrick¹,

LaDeau

Marra

2007

Auk

155

153

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“…It is interesting to note that this finding corresponds to the period when WNV was first detected in Florida in 2001. 29 Previous studies have suggested that introduction of WNV resulted in dramatic changes in the transmission of St. Louis encephalitis virus in Florida and elsewhere. 30,31 It is therefore possible that the introduction of WNV might have also affected the ecology of EEEV transmission in Florida, resulting in a shift in the predominant circulating viral type.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Isolates from Florida

White

Pickett²,

Lefkowitz³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Florida has the highest degree of endemicity for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) of any state in the United States and is the only state with year-round transmission of EEEV. To further understand the viral population dynamics in Florida, the genome sequence of six EEEV isolates from central Florida were determined. These data were used to identify the most polymorphic regions of the EEEV genome from viruses isolated in Florida. The sequence of these polymorphic regions was then determined for 18 additional Florida isolates collected in four geographically distinct regions over a 20-year period. Phylogenetic analyses of these data suggested a rough temporal association of the Florida isolates, but no clustering by region or by source of the isolate. Some clustering of northeastern isolates with Florida isolates was seen, providing support for the hypothesis that Florida serves as a reservoir for the periodic introduction of EEEV into the northeastern United States.

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Surveillance Results From the First West Nile Virus Transmission Season in Florida, 2001

Cited by 100 publications

References 26 publications

Ecology of the Cooper's Hawk in North Florida

Ecology of the Cooper's Hawk in North Florida

Ecology of West Nile Virus Transmission and Its Impact on Birds in the Western Hemisphere

Phylogenetic Analysis of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Isolates from Florida

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