Survey of enzyme variation in british populations of <i>Myzus persicae</i> (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on crops and weed hosts

Brookes, C. P.; Loxdale, Hugh D.

doi:10.1017/s0007485300011561

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, aphid allozyme studies have revealed low levels of genetic polymorphism and correspondingly low levels of heterozygosity (Tomiuk & Wöhrmann, 1980; Loxdale et al. , 1985; Brookes & Loxdale, 1987; Tomiuk, 1987; Loxdale & Brookes, 1988, 1990; Simon & Hebert, 1995; reviewed in Hales et al. , 1997).…”

Section: The Identification Origin Taxonomy and Distribution Of Asementioning

confidence: 99%

Heritable genetic variation and potential for adaptive evolution in asexual aphids (Aphidoidea)

Wilson¹,

Sunnucks²,

Hales³

2003

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

101

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Aphid life cycles can encompass cyclical parthenogenesis, obligate parthenogenesis, obligate parthenogenesis with male production and an intermediate ‘bet‐hedging’ strategy where an aphid genotype will over‐winter by continuing to reproduce by parthenogenesis and by investment in sexually produced eggs. In this paper, we focus on aphid lineages that reproduce entirely parthenogenetically (asexual aphids), in contrast to those that have any sexual forms in the annual cycle. Using modern molecular techniques, aphid biologists have made many empirical observations showing that asexual lineages are widespread both geographically and temporally. Indeed, we are collectively beginning to gather data on the evolution and persistence of these lineages through time. Here we review aphid karyology and parthenogenesis, both essential for interpretation of the molecular and ecological evolution of aphid asexual lineages. We describe the growing list of studies that have identified aphid genotypes that are both temporally and geographically widespread. We then collate examples of molecular and chromosomal evolution in asexual aphids and review the literature pertaining to phenotypic evolution and ecological diversification of asexual aphid lineages. In addition, we briefly discuss the potential of bacterial endosymbionts and epigenetic effects to influence the evolution of asexual aphid lineages. Lastly we provide a list of aphid taxa believed to be obligately asexual. This will be a useful resource for those seeking parthenogenetic animals as study systems. In conclusion, we present guidelines for the use of the term clone in aphid biology and stress the need for well‐designed and well‐executed studies examining the potential of asexual aphid lineages for adaptive evolution. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 79, 115–135.

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Section: The Identification Origin Taxonomy and Distribution Of Asementioning

confidence: 99%

Heritable genetic variation and potential for adaptive evolution in asexual aphids (Aphidoidea)

Wilson¹,

Sunnucks²,

Hales³

2003

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

101

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“…on new hosts in the case of aphids), perhaps on a microgeographical scale (Guttman, 1997; Mopper & Strauss, 1998), selective sweeps rapidly purge populations of many of the genotypes present. When this happens, a rather structured population is likely to result, as with insecticide‐resistant aphids (Brookes & Loxdale, 1987; Foster et al. , 2000), with relatively few main genotypes, and with an initially reduced capability to undergo further immediate adaptive switches.…”

Section: Clones – Imaginary and Realmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid changes in clonal lines: the death of a ‘sacred cow’

Loxdale

Lushai

2003

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

118

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It is well established that asexually reproducing viruses and prokaryotes mutate rapidly. In contrast, the eukaryotic clone is often still treated as if it is genetically homogeneous within and between populations, i.e. that it is assumed to show genetic fidelity. However, such fidelity has rarely been tested empirically using the range of high‐resolution molecular markers now available, culminating with direct sequencing of the DNA. If such a biological entity as a ‘clone’ really did exist, it would be a fantastic entity, differing from everything else known in biology, i.e. it would possess a population mean but no variance for any particular trait. It would not be amenable to selection and adaptive variation and would thus be unchanging in time and space. In this paper, we argue that the general acceptance of clonal fidelity is a scientific convenience, since the rate of asexual reproduction of eukaryotes is not as fast as that of bacteria and hence it is easier to accept fidelity as a ‘fact’ rather than test for it. We propose that part of the acceptance of fidelity may have a cultural basis and thereby is a kind of ‘pre‐Darwinian relic’. Instead, a clonal genotype is perhaps largely a function of marker resolution, i.e. dependent on the number and type of markers employed. If this is so and were enough of the genome explored, perhaps each individual within a clone would be found to differ genetically at particular regions of the chromosomes. The question of what constitutes a clone is not just a semantic one and impacts directly on recent attempts to understand and produce ‘artificial’ clones, especially of mammals. New research is already confirming that mutations and epigenetic influences play a crucial role in the success of cloning attempts. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 79, 3–16.

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“…Like many aphids, population studies of M. persicae using allozyme markers have found little to no genetic variation (May and Holbrook, 1978;Wool et al, 1978;Brookes and Loxdale, 1987;Hales et al, 1997). In fact, in M. persicae, the only loci that have been found to be polymorphic are the esterase loci.…”

Section: Previous Population Studies In Myzus Persicaementioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite variation in cyclically parthenogenetic populations of Myzus persicae in south-eastern Australia

et al. 2002

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We examined the population structure of the introduced aphid, Myzus persicae collected mainly from its primary host, Prunus persica, in south-east Australia. Myzus persicae has been present in Australia since at least 1893. Samples were collected in the spring of 1998 from two mainland and three Tasmanian localities and isofemale lines were established in the laboratory. The reproductive mode (life cycle), karyotype and 17-locus microsatellite genotype of each clone were determined. All populations showed significant population differentiation (F ST 0.058-0.202) even over small geographic distances (Ͻ50 km). All clones were karyotypically normal except for a subset of clones from one site that was exposed to the carbamate insecticide, Pirimor,

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Survey of enzyme variation in british populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on crops and weed hosts

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Heritable genetic variation and potential for adaptive evolution in asexual aphids (Aphidoidea)

Heritable genetic variation and potential for adaptive evolution in asexual aphids (Aphidoidea)

Rapid changes in clonal lines: the death of a ‘sacred cow’

Microsatellite variation in cyclically parthenogenetic populations of Myzus persicae in south-eastern Australia

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