Survey of expert opinion on intelligence: The FLynn effect and the future of intelligence

Rindermann, Heiner; Becker, David; Coyle, Thomas R.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.061

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…While such factors may be present, their influence is negligible compared with other environmental factors. Notably, this goes counter to the conclusion of a recent review on retrograde Flynn effects (6) and the expert opinions reported in a recent survey of intelligence researchers, which found "the anti-Flynn effect being attributed mainly to genetics and immigration" (7).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…Several causal hypotheses have been set forth to explain trends in measured intelligence across birth cohorts (2,7). Birth cohort differences in intelligence will reflect differences in either average genotype or environmental exposure, and the hypotheses propose different causal factors that have shifted over time in ways that could plausibly generate the observed variation in IQ scores.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused

Bratsberg¹,

Røgeberg²

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

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Population intelligence quotients increased throughout the 20th century—a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect—although recent years have seen a slowdown or reversal of this trend in several countries. To distinguish between the large set of proposed explanations, we categorize hypothesized causal factors by whether they accommodate the existence of within-family Flynn effects. Using administrative register data and cognitive ability scores from military conscription data covering three decades of Norwegian birth cohorts (1962–1991), we show that the observed Flynn effect, its turning point, and subsequent decline can all be fully recovered from within-family variation. The analysis controls for all factors shared by siblings and finds no evidence for prominent causal hypotheses of the decline implicating genes and environmental factors that vary between, but not within, families.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused

Bratsberg¹,

Røgeberg²

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As the time flies, some changes might have explained a favorable effect on intelligence: people strive for better condition and rising standards of living like from working-class to middle-class homes. This condition also leads to a better environment, smaller family size, improved health, better nutrition, and improvement in the education (Hiscock, 2007;Nisbett, Aronson, Blair, Dickens, Flynn, Halpern, & Turkheimer, 2012;Rindermann, Becker, & Coyle, 2017;Williams, 1998). In Indonesia, the improvement in education was described in increased percentage of completed junior high school education rate (from 14.51% to 19%) and decreased illiteracy rate for adolescents (from 14.84% to 10.21%) from 1994 (Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia, 2016).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

External Validity of the Indonesian Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV-ID)

et al. 2016

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In this research, we investigated the external validity of WAIS-IV-ID using other intelligence tests and educational achievement as criteria. We had 194 participants in total. The results showed the Full-Scale IQ score (FSIQ) of the WAIS-IV-ID had moderate yet significant correlation with three intelligence tests, namely Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM, n = 194), Cattell’s Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT, n = 134), and the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (WBIS, n = 44). There was also a significant positive correlation between the FSIQ and educational achievement score, the Grade Point Average (GPA, n = 51). The four indexes of the WAIS-IV-ID had a significant positive correlation with the SPM, CFIT, and WBIS, except for Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI). We found significant correlations between full-scale IQ with GPA. For the index score, we found significant correlations between Processing Speed Index (PSI) with GPA. We conclude that the WAIS-IV-ID is valid externally.

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“…2.3.4. Average IQ Increased over the Course of the 20th Century, so Group Differences in IQ Must Be Explained by the Environment It is indeed true that average IQ increased in many countries over the course of the 20th century, a phenomenon known as the 'Flynn effect' [112]. However, there are good reasons to believe that the causes of the Flynn effect and the causes of the black/white IQ gap are different [113][114][115], meaning that the mere existence of the Flynn effect does not undermine the hereditarian hypothesis.…”

Section: Iq Is Polygenic and It Takes Longer For Natural Selection Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fallacy of Equating the Hereditarian Hypothesis with Racism

Carl

2019

Psych

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There is a large amount of evidence that groups differ in average cognitive ability. The hereditarian hypothesis states that these differences are partly or substantially explained by genetics. Despite being a positive claim about the world, this hypothesis is frequently equated with racism, and scholars who defend it are frequently denounced as racists. Yet equating the hereditarian hypothesis with racism is a logical fallacy. The present article identifies ten common arguments for why the hereditarian hypothesis is racist and demonstrates that each one is fallacious. The article concludes that society will be better served if the hereditarian hypothesis is treated the same way as any other scientific claim—critically, but dispassionately.

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Survey of expert opinion on intelligence: The FLynn effect and the future of intelligence

Cited by 48 publications

References 45 publications

Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused

Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused

External Validity of the Indonesian Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV-ID)

The Fallacy of Equating the Hereditarian Hypothesis with Racism

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