Survey of Straight Vegetable Oil Composition Impact on Combustion Properties

Abstract

The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. ISSN 0148-7191 Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. SAE ABSTRACTThe combustion of straight vegetable oil (SVO) in internal combustion engines has shown conflicting results in emissions, power, and engine longevity. Many early studies suggested that SVO should not be considered for long term use in diesel engines. However, waste vegetable oil has been fueling adapted vehicles in progressive communities for years. The issues involved in the combustion of SVO or pure plant oils are complex. Engine injection systems, oil type, lipid acid ratio, and fuel temperature all have significant impact on the engine performance and emissions. A review of published studies of SVO combustion with a focus on known SVO composition and chemical structure reveals trends which merit further study. Future engine tests with known vegetable oil profiles will add significantly to the progression of SVO use in engines.

Performance of a Direct Injection of IC Engine on SVO and Biodiesel from Multiple Feedstocks

“…The engine design factors significantly impact engine performance and emissions and can influence how the engine performance and emissions respond to different fuel types. Emissions response to SVO for direct and indirect injection systems is explored in other work [3]. The Yanmar TF140E has a plunger-in-barrel pump fuel injection system.…”

“…The maximum load for SVO was 5.25 kW, or 10% less than the maximum load for diesel. Average densities for SVO, biodiesel, and diesel were 0.92, 0.88, and 0.85 g/cm 3 , respectively. The offsetting effects of lower energy content and higher density on maximum power resulted in maximum SVO power being approximately 10% less than diesel maximum power.…”

“…SVO profile likely has a strong influence over engine performance and emissions [3]. The SVO emissions data are presented in order of increasing percent polyunsaturated oil.…”

A Novel Methodology for Molecular Design via Data Driven Techniques

“…Many researchers have suggested various possible factors that affect the NO x emission in biodiesel. According to Nettles-Anderson and Olsen, 20 viscosity of the biodiesel has a significant effect on the NO x emission. At low temperatures, an increase of biodiesel viscosity will increase the emission of NO x as the increase of viscosity will increase the NO x emission at low temperatures.…”

An Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Oxygenates on Diesel Engine Combustion

“…Currently, most engine manufactures accept up to 5% RME additive in normal fossil fuel, without need of basic modification to the engine design. As a re-generable fuel, RME is more CO 2 friendly than conventional diesel fuel [1]. In addition, RME contains no aromatics, which are contributors to engine particulate emission [2].…”