Survey of the deterioration of the coastal vegetation in the park of San Rossore in central Italy

Gellini, R.; Pantani, Francesco; Grossoni, Paolo; Bussotti, Filippo; Barbolani, E.; Rinallo, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1983.tb00130.x

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Phillyrea latifolia is an evergreen sclerophyllous shrub of the Oleaceae, occurring widely in the Mediterranean coastal areas (Pignatti, 1982 ;Gellini et al, 1983). Phillyrea is usually faced with intense periods of water deficit during the summer season as *Author for correspondence (fax j39 55 755 121 ; e-mail tattini!ipsl.fi.cnr.it).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids accumulate in leaves and glandular trichomes of Phillyrea latifolia exposed to excess solar radiation

Tattini¹,

Gravano²,

Pinelli³

et al. 2000

New Phytologist

204

175

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Experiments were conducted on Phillyrea latifolia plants grown under a dense overstorey of Pinus pinea (shade plants) or on seashore dunes (sun plants) in a coastal area of Tuscany (42m 46h N, 10m 53h E). Total integrated photon flux densities averaged 1n67 and 61n4 m mol m −# d −" for shade and sun sites, respectively. A leaf morphological-structural analysis, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenylpropanoids of leaf tissue and leaf surface, and a histochemical localization of flavonoids were conducted. The area of sun leaves reached 57% of that of shade leaves, whereas leaf angle (β), sclerophylly index (ratio of leaf d. wt : leaf area), and trichome frequency (trichome number mm −# ) were markedly greater in leaves exposed to full solar radiation than in leaves acclimated to shade. The total thickness of sun leaves was 78% higher than that of shade leaves, mostly owing to a greater development of both palisade parenchyma and spongy mesophyll. The concentration, but not the composition, of leaf tissue phenylpropanoids varied significantly between sun and shade leaves, with a marked increase in flavonoid glycosides in sun leaves. Flavonoids occurred almost exclusively in the upper epidermal cells of shade leaves. By contrast, flavonoids largely accumulated in the upper and lower epidermis, as well as in the mesophyll tissue of leaves that were acclimated to full sunlight. Flavonoid glycosides were found exclusively in the secretory products of glandular trichomes of P. latifolia leaves exposed to high levels of light ; luteolin 7-Oglucoside and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside were the major constituents. By contrast, verbascoside and an unidentified caffeic acid derivative constituted 72% of total phenylpropanoids secreted by glandular trichomes of shade leaves, whereas they were not detected in glandular trichomes of sun leaves. These findings suggest that the light-induced synthesis of flavonoids in glandular trichomes of P. latifolia probably occurs in situ and concomitantly inactivates other branch pathways of the general phenylpropanoid metabolism. This is the first report of the key role of glandular trichomes and of flavonoid glycosides in the integrated mechanisms of acclimation of P. latifolia to excess light.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids accumulate in leaves and glandular trichomes of Phillyrea latifolia exposed to excess solar radiation

Tattini¹,

Gravano²,

Pinelli³

et al. 2000

New Phytologist

204

175

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“…A second set of research studies followed in the 1980s (Gellini et al, 1981(Gellini et al, , 1982(Gellini et al, , 1983(Gellini et al, , 1985(Gellini et al, , 1987Bussotti et al, 1984;Guidi et al, 1988;Innamorati et al, 1989;Grossoni et al, 1990), also focusing on San Rossore. In the meantime studies were also carried out in Australia (Pitman et al, 1977;Dowden et al, 1978; Grieve and Pitman, 1978;Truman and Lambert, 1978;Dowden and Lambert, 1979;Moodie et al, 1986), in France (Devèze and Sigoillot, 1978;Sigoillot et al, 1981;Sigoillot, 1982;Garrec and Sigoillot, 1992;Badot and Garrec, 1993) and, more recently, in Spain along the coast near Barcelona (Astorga et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of marine salt and surfactants in the decline of Tyrrhenian coastal vegetation in Italy

1995

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“…lungo la costa tirrenica italiana e in Puglia (Lapucci et al 1972, Gellini et al 1983, Gellini et al 1985, Gellini et al 1987, Bussotti et al 1995, Paoletti 2001, Acacia cyanophilla e Eucalyptus gomphacephala nella penisola di Cap Bon in Tunisia (Garrec & El Ayeb 2001), varie latifoglie e conifere sul litorale barcellonese e valenciano in Spagna (Astorga et al 1993, Marull et al 1997, Calatayud et al 2005.…”

Section: Introduzioneunclassified

“…Il danno alla vegetazione costiera è principalmente dovuto all'azione sinergica tensioattivo-sale, ma anche all'azione diretta del tensioattivo (Paoletti et al 2001), responsabile della solubilizzazione delle membrane cellulari (Helenius & Simmons 1975, Bussotti et al 1997, dell'aumento di permeabilità delle cuticole (Schreiber et al 1995), e della dissoluzione delle cere epicuticolari (Gellini et al 1983, Raddi et al 1994, tutti processi che facilitano l'assorbimento fogliare del sale e quindi l'esplicazione dei suoi effetti fitotossici.…”

Section: Introduzioneunclassified

Surfactant damages on coastal vegetation in southern Italy

Rettori¹,

Paoletti²,

Capua³

et al. 2005

Forest@

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Surfactant damages on coastal vegetation of Southern Italy.Coastal vegetation decline caused by seaspray has been reported to affect a variety of species in several countries: Australia, South of France, along the Italian Tyrrhenian coast, Spain and Tunisia. The most serious injury is due to the interaction between sea salt and surfactants, even if surfactants may cause direct damage on cell membranes. The salt uptake is enhanced by the durfactant-induced erosion of the epicuticular wax, which reduces the water surface tension. The symptoms are non-specific and consist in leaf discoloration and necrosis. In needles, necrosis begins from the apex; in leaves, from the edges. Directionality of crown damage is the main symptom for diagnosing the involvement of polluted seaspray. If an obstacle is placed between trees and sea wind, the trees do not show appreciable damage. In Italy, the tree decline caused by seaspray and surfactants has been investigated with special reference to the pinewoods of the San Rossore (Tuscany, Central Italy), or on the Tyrrhenian coastlands of Central Italy, such as the area around Castelporziano in Lazio. This research is aimed at a preliminary assessment of the extent of surfactant damage to the coastal vegetation in four regions in Southern Italy by: i) field surveys and mapping of damage caused by surfactants; ii) detecting the presence of surfactants on the tree crowns. The damages have been observed in a lot of zones in Apulia, Basilicata, Campania and Calabria, within 500 m inland from the sea, for a maximum length of 5500 m coastline, near the mouth of a river or stream, near the outlet of sewage canals and in any other coastal areas where the surface currents carry a surfactant load.

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Survey of the deterioration of the coastal vegetation in the park of San Rossore in central Italy

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Flavonoids accumulate in leaves and glandular trichomes of Phillyrea latifolia exposed to excess solar radiation

Flavonoids accumulate in leaves and glandular trichomes of Phillyrea latifolia exposed to excess solar radiation

The role of marine salt and surfactants in the decline of Tyrrhenian coastal vegetation in Italy

Surfactant damages on coastal vegetation in southern Italy

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