Survey of the market diseases and aflatoxin contamination of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> MILL) fruits in Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria

Muhammad, S.; Shehu, K.; Amusa, N. A.

doi:10.1108/00346650410529032

Cited by 54 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…this also may be related to high percentage occurrence of A flavus and A parasiticus. This result lends support to the study of Muhammad, et al [18] that detected aflatoxin in rotton tomatoes from 5 local markets in Nigeria even after treatment at 121c for 15 minutes. This gives an insight on the persistence of aflatoxins even after high temperature treatment during processing.…”

Section: Discusionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

Rn¹,

Cm²

2017

Integr Food Nutr Metab

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Hundred grams of each sample were collected from the four markets namely Oje, Bodiga, Shasha and Orita-merin in five replicate of 20gram in separate airtight sterile polythene bag to prevent further contamination until aflatoxin analysis was done and subsequent isolation and identification of fungi. Aflatoxins ExtractionAflatoxins was extracted from the samples as described by Hell, et al. [12] with modifications employed due to different weight and dryness of the samples. Dichloromethan was used to extract the toxin and allowed to evaporate to dryness in laminar air flow-hood chamber for 48 hours until analysed. Qualitative analysisFour micro litres of the dissolved extract were spotted on the thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates 20*10cm with aflatoxin standards G and I and then allowed to develop in a tank containing diethyl ether, methanol and water at the ratio of 96: 3: 1 respectively. The spots intensities were visually compared with those of standards under ultraviolet light 366 nm wavelengths [13]. Quantitative analysisAflatoxin quantification was done by scanning with CAMAG TLC Scanner3 (densitometer), which measured the absorbance and fluorescence of the toxin extracted [14]. Isolation of fungiDirect isolation method was employed for fungi isolation. The samples were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 10minutes and Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

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Section: Discusionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

Rn¹,

Cm²

2017

Integr Food Nutr Metab

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“…in the vegetables is an indication of possible health hazards. Many strains of Aspergillus are known to cause food intoxication and food infection (Muhammad et al, 2004). However, the difference in the occurrence of the microbial contaminants is a reflection of the genetic and physio-chemical chemical of the different plant species investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While stored in the open markets the produce are susceptible to microbial invasion and colonization leading to contamination (Muhammad et al, 2004). Contamination can also occur due to pre-harvest practices such as plant fertilization with manure, sewage sludge and from irrigated water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study on Microbial Contamination of Leafy Vegetables in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

Shehu

Maishanu²,

Salau³

2014

Aceh Int. J. Sci. Technol

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-Five leafy vegetables commonly consumed in Sokoto metropolis were evaluated for microbiological quality using standard procedures involving standard plate count (SPC). The vegetables investigated included Lactuaca sativa (Lettuce), Amaranthus hybridus (Spinach), Vernonia amagdalina (Bitter leaf), Brassica oleracea (Cabbage) and Moringa oleifera Lam (Horse radish). Ten fungal species which include Alternaria alternata, Absidia corymbifera, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporium, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor racemoses, Rhizopus stolonifer and Trichoderma harzianum and four species of bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocystogens and Staphyllococus aureus were isolated from the leafy vegetables. The total colony counts of fungi ranged from 1.8 x 10 6 -6.28 x 10 5 (cfu/g) of the vegetables while that of bacteria ranged from 1.0 x 10 6 to 2.94 x 10 6 cfu/g of the vegetables. The highest counts of microbial organisms were found on A. hybridus while M. oleifera and B. olerarea had the lowest fungal and bacterial counts respectively. There is a need to reduce the levels of microbial contamination on leafy vegetables through appropriate production practices, careful handling by the vendors and appropriate processing with a view to minimize the risk of human exposure to fungal and bacterial pathogens associated with the vegetables.

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“…Here in Nigeria, currency notes are often manhandled and mutilated by different categories of people, including traders, churches, beggars and commuter bus conductors [6]. Fungi easily contaminate and grow on food, wood, paper, and walls [7][8][9]. The aim of this study was to determine and document the fungal species which commonly contaminate Nigerian currency (naira) notes in circulation in order to bring to light the health implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal flora of Nigerian currency notes in circulation in Benin City, Nigeria

Okungbowa

Dede

2010

Indian J Microbiol

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A mycological survey of Nigerian currency (naira) notes in circulation in Benin City was undertaken to determine the fungal species present, so as to bring to light the health implications of their presence. A total of 84 naira notes comprising 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 naira denominations were obtained randomly from a bank, commuter bus, food canteen, and open market. Four-day old Potato Dextrose Agar cultures of diluted water diffusate of the currency notes were examined under the microscope and fungi were isolated and identifi ed. The isolated fungi and their frequencies of isolation were A. fl avus (90.5), A. fumigatus (42.9), A. terreus (57.1), A. fl avipes (26.2) A. niger (59.5), Candida albicans (92.3), Rhizopus sp (2.7), Penicillium sp (4.0), Fusarium sp (12.8), and Saccharomyces cerevisae (16.1%). The frequencies of fungi isolated from the various denominations varied signifi cantly at 0.05 probability. While the 50 naira denomination had the highest colony count (mean of means = 41 colonies/ml) the 500 naira had the lowest colony count (mean of means =8.3 colonies/ml). The high occurrence of fungi in the currency notes is of public health concern.

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Survey of the market diseases and aflatoxin contamination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL) fruits in Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

A Preliminary Study on Microbial Contamination of Leafy Vegetables in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

Fungal flora of Nigerian currency notes in circulation in Benin City, Nigeria

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