Survey of urban tree programs in the United States

Beatty, Russell A.; Heckman, Craig T.

doi:10.1016/0304-4009(81)90002-4

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The earliest research paper (examining the status of municipal tree programs across 72 cities in the United States) was published in Urban Ecology (Beatty and Heckman, 1981) (see table 1). The same issue of that journal also published a research paper on Syracuse (New York) street tree diversity (Sanders, 1981).…”

Section: Insert Table 1 Around Herementioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic quantitative review of urban tree benefits, costs, and assessment methods across cities in different climatic zones

Roy

Byrne

Pickering

2012

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

848

405

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Urban trees can potentially mitigate environmental degradation accompanying rapid urbanisation via a range of tree-benefits and services. But uncertainty exists about the extent of tree benefits and services because urban trees also impose costs (e.g. asthma) and may create hazards (e.g. windthrow). Few researchers have systematically assessed how urban tree benefits and costs vary across different cities, geographic scales and climates. This paper provides a quantitative review of 115 original urban tree studies, examining: (i) research locations, (ii) research methods, and (iii) assessment techniques for tree services and disservices. Researchers published findings in 33 journals from diverse disciplines including: forestry, land use planning, ecology, and economics. Research has been geographically concentrated (64% of studies were conducted in North America). Nearly all studies (91.3%) used quantitative research, and most studies (60%) employed natural science methods. Demonstrated tree benefits include: economic, social, health, visual and aesthetic benefits; identified ecosystem services include: carbon sequestration, air quality improvement, storm water attenuation, and energy conservation. Disservices include: maintenance costs, light attenuation, infrastructure damage and health problems, among others. Additional research is required to better inform public policy, including comparative assessment of tree services and disservices, and assessment of urban residents and land managers" understanding of tree benefits and costs.

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Section: Insert Table 1 Around Herementioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic quantitative review of urban tree benefits, costs, and assessment methods across cities in different climatic zones

Roy

Byrne

Pickering

2012

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

848

405

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“…A final engineering use of urban forests can involve their ability to filter or block glare and reflected light (Beatty andHeckman 1981, Smardon 1988). Materials such as light-colored concretes, glass, water, snow, and metals can reflect light in ways that cause difficulties involving increased heat and concentrated light energy.…”

Section: Urban Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Forestry

Grebner

2013

Introduction to Forestry and Natural Resources

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“…Urban vegetation is generally exposed to higher temperatures due to the heat island effect, the characteristics of construction materials, and air pollutants, which affect growth and survival (Vogt et al, 2017). Unlike their natural counterparts, urban soils impose limitations for vegetation growth and survival because these soils are generally compacted and covered with impervious materials that disrupt nutrient cycling and restrict water and air movement (Beatty & Heckman, 1981;Pouyat et al, 2007;Sand et al, 2018). These characteristics translate into a low supply of essential nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, which makes the environment stressful and impacts the survival and condition of the existing vegetation (Pouyat et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social factors bound to a specific location also play a role in vegetation survival and condition (Beatty & Heckman, 1981;Conway & Urbani, 2007). Conway & Urbani (2007) discussed a link between the condition of existing vegetation and the socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood inhabitants, including household income, population density and municipal policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation survival and condition in public green spaces after their establishment: evidence from a semi-arid metropolis.

Steinfort

Contreras

Albornoz

et al. 2020

International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources

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U. Steinfort, A. Contreras, F. Albornoz, S. Reyes-Paecke, and P. Guilleminot. 2020. Vegetation survival and condition in public green spaces after their establishment: Evidence from a semi-arid metropolis. Int. J. Agric. Nat. Resour. 90-104. Urban vegetation is generally exposed to adverse environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, compacted soils, low fertility, and a high pollutant concentration. The influence of biophysical and social factors on the survival and condition of trees and nontrees was analyzed using a census of plants in 37 green spaces of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile (MRS) several years after their establishment. The tree survival rate was higher (77%) than that of other species (24%). Survival was primarily explained by municipality management and species selection, but the relevance of these factors differed between trees and nontrees. Species with low water requirements outperformed species that were more sensitive to water stress. A high mechanical damage rate was observed, with 91% of trees showing severe or medium damage. Soil quality was better than expected, with a bulk density less than 1.0 g m -3 and moderate and high levels of P, and only 8% of sites had low K levels. The N content was highly variable, but most of the sites had levels greater than 20 mg kg -1 , which indicates a trend of accumulation that is consistent with urban soils. More in-depth studies are required to establish the factors that explain plant survival in public spaces of the MRS, and irrigation monitoring is especially needed.

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Survey of urban tree programs in the United States

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

A systematic quantitative review of urban tree benefits, costs, and assessment methods across cities in different climatic zones

A systematic quantitative review of urban tree benefits, costs, and assessment methods across cities in different climatic zones

Urban Forestry

Vegetation survival and condition in public green spaces after their establishment: evidence from a semi-arid metropolis.

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