Survey of US wastewater for carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>

Hoelle, Jill; Johnson, James R.; Johnston, Brian; Kinkle, Brian K.; Boczek, Laura A.; Ryu, Hodon; Hayes, Sam

doi:10.2166/wh.2019.165

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…e result is comparable to the study done by Petron et al in Morocco, which found a similar finding among Serratia marcescens isolated from water specimens [28]. But this finding is in disagreement with a study conducted in the USA by Hoelle et al, which showed that about 55% of E. coli isolates were positive for VIM gene and 1% were positive for IMP gene [29]. ese variations in the results may be explained by the differences in the time of study and their large sample size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Drinking Water in Khartoum, Sudan

Mahmoud

Altayb

Gurashi

2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Waterborne Escherichia coli are a major reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Carbapenem-resistance, especially when mediated by transferable carbapenemase-encoding genes, is spreading worldwide and causing dramatically limiting treatment options. In our country, studies for the detection of carbapenem resistance in drinking water do not exist; therefore, this work was carried out to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant genes “blaKPC, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaSPM, blaVIM, and blaOXA-48” among Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water in Khartoum, Sudan. A total of forty-five E. coli bacteria were isolated from different sources of drinking water. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using imipenem (10 mg/disc), gentamicin (10 mg/disc), ceftriaxone (30 mg/disc), ciprofloxacin (5 mg/disc), chloramphenicol (30 mg/disc), and tetracycline (30 mg/disc). “Sensitive” or “resistant” patterns of E. coli were judged using antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted by the boiling method, and then multiplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaSPM, blaVIM, and blaOXA-48). Multiplex PCR assays confirmed the presence of carbapenemase genes in 28% of all water isolates. OXA-48 gene was the most predominant gene, detected in 15.5% of the isolates. The blaKPC and blaSPM genes were also detected in 4.4% and 8.8% of the isolates, respectively. However, the isolates were negative for blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaIMP genes. The isolates showed a high rate of tetracycline resistance (97.7%), followed by gentamicin (57.7%), ciprofloxacin (46.6%), ceftriaxone (35.5%), and chloramphenicol (31.1%). In conclusion, this study confirmed for the first time the presence of E. coli carried carbapenem-resistant genes in the drinking water of Khartoum state, Sudan. These isolates commonly carried OXA-48 (7/45), followed by SPM (4/45) and KPC (2/45).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Drinking Water in Khartoum, Sudan

Mahmoud

Altayb

Gurashi

2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…1b), with the exception of December, where the absence of ST131 is likely due to less frequent sample collection during the holiday season. This is in line with other studies that considered seasonality within their data set when detecting E. coli from wastewater (28,29) but in contrast to studies sampling directly from untreated water (30,31), potentially highlighting the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in maintaining a consistent reduced rate of E. coli from effluent.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

A Comprehensive Account of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 in Wastewater Reveals an Abundance of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clade A Strains

Finn

Scriver

Lam

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In the ten years since its discovery, the Escherichia coli clone sequence type 131 (ST131) has become a major international health threat, with the multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing clade C emerging as the globally dominant form. ST131 has previously been isolated from wastewater; however, most of these studies selectively screened for ESBL-producing organisms, thereby missing the majority of remaining ST131 clades. In this study, we used a high-throughput PCR-based screening strategy to comprehensively examine wastewater for the presence of ST131 over a 1-year period. Additional multiplex PCRs were used to differentiate clades and obtain an unbiased account of the total ST131 population structure within the collection. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of all ST131-positive samples were tested against a range of commonly used antibiotics. From a total of over 3,762 E. coli wastewater samples, 1.86% (n = 70) tested positive for ST131, with the majority being clade A isolates. In total, 63% (n = 44) were clade A, 29% (n = 20) were clade B, 1% (n = 1) were clade C0, 6% (n = 4) were clade C1, and 1% (n = 1) were clade C2. In addition, a very high rate of resistance to commonly used antibiotics among wastewater isolates is reported, with 72.7% (n = 32) of clade A resistant to ciprofloxacin and high rates of resistance to gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline in clades that are typically sensitive to antibiotics. IMPORTANCE ST131 is a global pathogen. This clone causes urinary tract infections and is frequently isolated from human sources. However, little is known about ST131 from environmental sources. With the widely reported increase in antibiotic concentrations found in wastewater, there is additional selection pressure for the emergence of antibiotic-resistant ST131 in this niche. The unbiased screening approach reported herein revealed that previously antibiotic-sensitive lineages of ST131 are now resistant to commonly used antibiotics present in wastewater systems and may be capable of surviving UV sterilization. This is the most comprehensive account of ST131 in the wastewater niche to date and an important step in better understanding the ecology of this global pathogen.

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“…The presence of CRE in wastewater is a potential concern because this environment may serve as major reservoir leading to HGT events and an increased risk of carbapenem resistance spreading into the environment. The data collected from a recent US survey of seven wastewater treatment plants reported the detection of 20% carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates of sequence types associated with extra-intestinal infections in humans harboring predominantly bla VIM and bla KPC genes [ 108 ]. Similarly, a study from the United States documented the presence of CRE including E. coli and P. mirabilis isolates harboring bla IMP-27 gene on Inc Q1 plasmids in both environmental and fecal samples of swine production system [ 109 ].…”

Section: Carbapenemases-producing Enterobacteriaceae mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenemases in Enterobacteriales from Humans, Animals, Food and the Environment

et al. 2020

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The Enterobacteriales order consists of seven families including Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae, Pectobacteriaceae, Yersiniaceae, Hafniaceae, Morganellaceae, and Budviciaceae and 60 genera encompassing over 250 species. The Enterobacteriaceae is currently considered as the most taxonomically diverse among all seven recognized families. The emergence of carbapenem resistance (CR) in Enterobacteriaceae caused by hydrolytic enzymes called carbapenemases has become a major concern worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates have been reported not only in nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens but also in food-producing animals, companion animals, and the environment. The reported carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae from different sources belong to the Ambler class A (blaKPC), class B (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM), and class D (blaOXA-48) β-lactamases. The carbapenem encoding genes are often located on plasmids or associated with various mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like transposons and integrons, which contribute significantly to their spread. These genes are most of the time associated with other antimicrobial resistance genes such as other β-lactamases, as well as aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones resistance genes leading to multidrug resistance phenotypes. Control strategies to prevent infections due to CRE and their dissemination in human, animal and food have become necessary. Several factors involved in the emergence of CRE have been described. This review mainly focuses on the molecular epidemiology of carbapenemases in members of Enterobacteriaceae family from humans, animals, food and the environment.

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Survey of US wastewater for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Drinking Water in Khartoum, Sudan

Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Drinking Water in Khartoum, Sudan

A Comprehensive Account of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 in Wastewater Reveals an Abundance of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clade A Strains

Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenemases in Enterobacteriales from Humans, Animals, Food and the Environment

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