Survey of volatile organic compounds associated with automotive emissions in the urban airshed of São Paulo, Brazil

Colón, Maribel; Pleil, Joachim D.; Hartlage, T.A.; Guardani, Maria Lucia Goncalves; Martins, Maria Helena R. B.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00178-9

Cited by 91 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The values of ambient HCs concentrations measured in São Paulo, in this study, are in general higher than those observed in the USA, in agreement with previous results from 1998, found by Colón et al 4 for São Paulo. On the other hand, ambient VOCs concentrations reported for Asian cities (specifically for toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) are higher than for South American cities (Gee and Sollars, 1998).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In addition, the ratios X/E from other studies performed in São Paulo were calculated, with values of 3.0 (data from 1996) and 2.3 (data from 1998). 3,4 The correlation among the typical HCs in urban air was performed. The species benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and m+p-xylenes presented a high correlation (R 2 0.7-0.8), indicating that they are probably emitted by the same source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However few measurements for São Paulo are reported in literature. [3][4][5] The Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) characterization in the atmosphere is important not only because they are precursors of ozone, but also due to their possible adverse health effects (e.g. benzene, 1,3-butadiene and chlorinated hydrocarbons).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambiental volatile organic compounds in the megacity of São Paulo

Martins¹,

Andrade²,

Ynoue³

et al. 2008

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 19/11/07; aceito em 2/6/08; publicado na web em 5/11/08In order to characterize the composition of the main urban air organic compounds in the megacity of Sao Paulo, analysis of samples collected during the winter of 2003 downtown was carried out. The samplings were performed on the roof of a building in the commercial center of São Paulo. Hydrocarbons and carbonyls compounds were collected on August 4, 5 and 6. Comparing to previous data, the concentration of hydrocarbons presented no decrease in the concentration, except for the aldehydes, which decreased when compared to previous data. Among the HCs species analyzed, the highest concentrations observed were those of toluene (7.5 ± 3.4 ppbv), n-decane (3.2 ± 2.0 ppbv), benzene (2.7 ± 1.4 ppbv) and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (2.2 ± 1.5 ppbv).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambiental volatile organic compounds in the megacity of São Paulo

Martins¹,

Andrade²,

Ynoue³

et al. 2008

Quím. Nova

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“…7 Values obtained in this work are in the same range than those previously obtained in Rio de Janeiro and others Brazilian cities later than 1997, when catalytic converters were currently being used. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] A direct comparison of these values is not possible, once the analytical methods of sampling and analysis were different. Also the technological level of engines, fuels, state law restrictions, fleet composition and vehicular flux are different for each city.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-year monitoring program of aromatic hydrocarbons in Rio de Janeiro downtown area

Corrêa

Arbilla

2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno, m+p+o-xileno (BTEX) e dois trimetilbenzenos (BTEXT) foram monitorados no centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante os anos de 2004 e 2005. Alguns poluentes legislados e parâmetros meteorológicos também foram monitorados, objetivando-se a análise da correlação entre esses dados. 94 amostras foram coletadas, usando cartuchos de carvão ativo, entre 9:00 e 15:00 h. Os valores médios de concentração obtidos foram: 14,5; 22,8; 9,19; 19,3; 8,5; 10,4 e 12,1 μg m -3 para benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno, m+p-xileno, o-xileno, 1,2,3-trimetilbenzeno e 1,3,5-trimetilbenzeno, respectivamente. Esses valores são similares às concentrações médias obtidas em outras cidades brasileiras, tais como, Porto Alegre, Volta Redonda e São Paulo, que usam o mesmo tipo de combustível. A análise multivariada mostrou que os BTEXT individuais são emitidos pelas mesmas fontes e não se correlacionam bem com os demais poluentes primários. Esses resultados podem ser atribuídos à contribuição das emissões evaporativas dos BTEXT e à formação de compostos orgânicos voláteis secundários na atmosfera.Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p+o-xylene (BTEX) and two trimethylbenzenes (BTEXT) were monitored in Rio de Janeiro downtown area during 2004 and 2005. Some criteria pollutants and meteorological parameters were also determined in order to assess the main data correlations. 94 samples were collected, using activated charcoal cartridges, between 9:00 am and 3:00 pm. The mean concentrations obtained were: 14. 5, 22.8, 9.19, 19.3, 8.5, 10.4 and 12.1 μg m -3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p-xylene, o-xylene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, respectively. These values are similar to mean concentrations obtained in the Brazilian cities of Porto Alegre, Volta Redonda and São Paulo, which use the same type of fuel. Multivariate analyses showed that individual BTEXT are emitted by the same source and are not well correlated with other primary pollutants. These results may be due to the contribution of evaporative losses of the BTEXT and to the formation of secondary volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. Keywords: air pollution monitoring, hydrocarbons emision, BTEX, Rio de Janeiro IntroductionMonoaromatic hydrocarbons are present in a considerable fraction of fossil fuels as gasoline and diesel. They can be emitted to the urban atmosphere either by volatilization or by incomplete combustion. Among these compounds, benzene has a direct impact on human health as a consequence of its carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.1 They are found mainly in the gaseous phase and have a considerable influence in the tropospheric chemistry, mainly in the formation of photochemical oxidants, as ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate and in a minor extent, in the reaction with ozone. Among the aromatic compounds, benzene is the most harmful pollutant and it is responsible for myeloid leukemia. A World Health Organization (WHO) study 1 estimated that for an exposure to urban concentrations of 1.7 μg m -3 , 10 cases of leukemi...

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“…Em alguns desses trabalhos 10,28,29 foi comparado o desempenho da coleta com tubos de adsorção e com canisters. No trabalho desenvolvido por Colón et al 28 usando o método TO-14A e cartuchos de adsorção, os autores encontram uma precisão entre amostras coletadas com canisters em duplicatas, para compostos orgânicos voláteis não oxigenados, de 3 a 22%, em bom acordo com os valores obtidos neste estudo. Em geral os autores consideram o método com canisters mais eficiente, apesar de ser mais caro e mais difícil de implementar.…”

Section: Avaliação Da Qualidade Das Coletasunclassified

Avaliação da eficiência do método TO-15 para determinação de compostos orgânicos voláteis em condições típicas de ambiente urbano

et al. 2016

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EVALUATION OF TO-15 METHOD EFICIENCY TO DETERMINE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN TYPICALURBAN CONDITIONS. The efficiency of U.S.EPA TO-15 Method was evaluated under typical conditions of an urban environment with natural and anthropic emission sources. The performance criteria which should be met for a system to qualify, were fulfilled: a detection limit of ≤0.2 ng for all target compounds, replicate precision for a calibration standard and ambient samples within 20%. The stability of the target compounds during storage of sampled air in canisters was also evaluated at atmospheric pressure and relative humidity of 50%. Results show that, in the sampling conditions, compounds are not stable for more than a week. For validation experiments, samples were collected at the entrance of Tijuca National Park, located at the city of Rio de Janeiro. Isoprene was selected as a marker of biogenic emissions, and aromatic compounds were selected as markers of anthropogenic emissions, primarily vehicular emissions. Then, samples were collected in Saens Peña Square, a central area in the Tijuca District, in the northern part of the city, approximately 10 km from the entrance of Tijuca National Park. Volatile organic compounds were determined and the results were compared with previous data obtained in the same local using other methods.Keywords: volatile organic compounds; isoprene; aromatic compounds; TO-15 method. INTRODUÇÃOSão definidos como compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) os compostos orgânicos cuja pressão de vapor a 20 °C é inferior à pressão atmosférica normal (1,013×10 5 Pa) e maior do que 130 Pa. 1 A legislação dos Estados Unidos 2 lista ainda 189 COVs considerados potencialmente perigosos para a saúde humana. Com o objetivo de atender às exigências da legislação, a Agência Ambiental dos Estados Unidos (U.S.EPA) desenvolveu o método TO-15, 3 que permite a determinação dos 97 principais compostos dessa lista. O método TO-15 estabelece os procedimentos gerais para a coleta de COVs usando canisters, botijões de aço inox eletropolidos internamente, e sua determinação utilizando a técnica de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas e termodessorção para injeção das amostras (CG-EM-DT). Estabelece também critérios de qualidade que devem ser atingidos na implementação do método: limite de detecção ≤ 0,5 ppbv, precisão das replicatas dentro de 25% e exatidão dentro do 30% para as concentrações esperadas em amostras ambientais (0,5 a 25 ppbv).Contudo, os resultados dependem de diversos fatores, tais como o processo de limpeza dos canisters, a umidade do ar coletado, o método de coleta, a estabilidade das amostras, as condições utilizadas na transferência das amostras e as condições cromatográficas, entre outras.A estabilidade das amostras é um fator crítico. Sob as condições normalmente encontradas em amostras ambientais é geralmente aceito que as amostras podem ser guardadas por trinta dias. [3][4][5] Entretanto, a estabilidade não é conhecida sobre condições variadas. Existe a possibilidade de perdas devida...

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Survey of volatile organic compounds associated with automotive emissions in the urban airshed of São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 91 publications

References 5 publications

Ambiental volatile organic compounds in the megacity of São Paulo

Ambiental volatile organic compounds in the megacity of São Paulo

A two-year monitoring program of aromatic hydrocarbons in Rio de Janeiro downtown area

Avaliação da eficiência do método TO-15 para determinação de compostos orgânicos voláteis em condições típicas de ambiente urbano

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