Survival and integration rate of channel catfish and common carp embryos microinjected with DNA at various developmental stages

Hayat, Mohammad; Joyce, Christopher; Townes, Tim M.; Chen, Thomas T.; Powers, Dennis A.; Dunham, Rex A.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90245-3

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Mouse metallothionein was one of the most widely employed, particularly in experiments with human growth hormone (Zhu et al 1985;Dunham et al 1987;Brem et al 1988;Rokkones et al 1989) and rat growth hormone (McEvoy et al 1987;Maclean et al 1992). Another commonly used promoter in transgenic experiments has been the LTR sequence of the avian Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) (Schneider et al 1989;Zhang et al 1990;Hayat et al 1991). As previously stressed, the issue of perceived safety±or lack of it±will probably dictate that other, non-viral, promoters should be used for commercial applications.…”

Section: Growth Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic fish: an evaluation of benefits and risks

Maclean

Laight

2000

Fish and Fisheries

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Transgenic fish have many potential applications in aquaculture, but also raise concerns regarding the possible deleterious effects of escaped or released transgenic fish on natural ecosystems. In this review the potential applications of transgenic fish are considered, the probable benefits reviewed, the possible risks to the environment identified and the measures which might be taken to minimize these risks are evaluated. Growth trials of transgenic fish have already been carried out in outdoor facilities and some of these are discussed in the light of possible risks and benefits. Regarding the hazards associated with release or escape, whilst there is some evidence to suggest that transgenic fish may be less fit compared to their wild counterparts, there is insufficient evidence to say that this will be true in all cases. Using mathematical models, we have attempted to predict the magnitude of the genetic effects in a range of different scenarios. A number of possible containment techniques are considered, amongst which containment by sterility is probably the most promising. This can be engineered either by triploidy or by transgenic methods. The conclusions include a tabulated balance sheet of likely benefits and risks, with appropriate weighting.

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Section: Growth Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic fish: an evaluation of benefits and risks

Maclean

Laight

2000

Fish and Fisheries

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“…One to nine copies of the foreign DNA were inserted in head-to-tail tandem array at single insertion sites, or single copies were inserted at multiple insertion sites (Hayat et al, 1991). All P 1 transgenic catfish (founder generation) evaluated produced salmonid growth hormone regardless of the construct.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator Avoidance of Transgenic Channel Catfish Containing Salmonid Growth Hormone Genes

et al. 1999

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Transgenic channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) containing salmonid growth hormone genes can grow 33% faster than normal channel catfish under aquaculture conditions. However, before transgenic catfish are released and utilized by the private sector, their genetic impact on the natural environment must be examined. Predator avoidance is one of the major fitness traits determining potential environmental risk. To determine the predator avoidance ability and growth performance of transgenic catfish in a natural habitat, various densities of transgenic and nontransgenic channel catfish were communally stocked in 0.04-ha earthen ponds without supplemental feeding. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) were stocked as predators. Nontransgenic fry had better predator avoidance than transgenic channel catfish when data were pooled (p <.01). When data were not pooled, nontransgenic catfish had better predator avoidance in six trials and transgenic individuals had better predator avoidance in four trials. There was no difference in predator avoidance in three trials. Overall predator avoidance was also better for nontransgenic individuals (p <.01) when the fish were evaluated as 3.5-g fingerlings, more clearly than as fry, as transgenic individuals were more vulnerable in 3 of 4 trials at this life stage. There was no significant difference in growth performance between transgenic and nontransgenic channel catfish in ponds without supplemental feeding. These findings indicate that transgenic channel catfish could be used for commercial aquaculture without affecting the natural environment. Although transgenic channel catfish may be released to nature by accident, any ecological effect would be unlikely because the increased susceptibility of transgenic channel catfish to predators would most likely decrease or eliminate the transgenic genotype.

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“…Consequently, in fi sh linearized DNA is microinjected into the cytoplasm of fertilized eggs. This approach in fi sh has been shown to induce high, albeit variable (35% to 80%), rates of mortality and relatively low integration rates (2 -17%) (Hayat et al 1991). Diff erences in success rates between the studies in fi sh probably include diff erences in the timing of the injections (embryo stage).…”

Section: Microinjectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Transgenic fish systems and their application in ecotoxicology

Lee

Green

Tyler

2014

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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The use of transgenics in fish is a relatively recent development for advancing understanding of genetic mechanisms and developmental processes, improving aquaculture, and for pharmaceutical discovery. Transgenic fish have also been applied in ecotoxicology where they have the potential to provide more advanced and integrated systems for assessing health impacts of chemicals. The zebrafish (Daniorerio) is the most popular fish for transgenic models, for reasons including their high fecundity, transparency of their embryos, rapid organogenesis and availability of extensive genetic resources. The most commonly used technique for producing transgenic zebrafish is via microinjection of transgenes into fertilized eggs. Transposon and meganuclease have become the most reliable methods for insertion of the genetic construct in the production of stable transgenic fish lines. The GAL4-UAS system, where GAL4 is placed under the control of a desired promoter and UAS is fused with a fluorescent marker, has greatly enhanced model development for studies in ecotoxicology. Transgenic fish have been developed to study for the effects of heavy metal toxicity (via heat-shock protein genes), oxidative stress (via an electrophile-responsive element), for various organic chemicals acting through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, thyroid and glucocorticoid response pathways, and estrogenicity. These models vary in their sensitivity with only very few able to detect responses for environmentally relevant exposures. Nevertheless, the potential of these systems for analyses of chemical effects in real time and across multiple targets in intact organisms is considerable. Here we illustrate the techniques used for generating transgenic zebrafish and assess progress in the development and application of transgenic fish (principally zebrafish) for studies in environmental toxicology. We further provide a viewpoint on future development opportunities.

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Survival and integration rate of channel catfish and common carp embryos microinjected with DNA at various developmental stages

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Transgenic fish: an evaluation of benefits and risks

Transgenic fish: an evaluation of benefits and risks

Predator Avoidance of Transgenic Channel Catfish Containing Salmonid Growth Hormone Genes

Transgenic fish systems and their application in ecotoxicology

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