Survival of Declining Dendroctonus frontalis Populations During a Severe and Nonsevere Winter 12

Seasonal Dynamics of Mites and Fungi and Their Interaction with Southern Pine Beetle

“…Although climatic patterns have not been strongly correlated with yearly population dynamics of D. frontalis (Turchin et al 1991, but see Kalkstein 1976, McClelland and Hain 1979, Miller and Parresol 1992, small changes in exogenous factors might indirectly affect D. frontalis populations by altering demographic processes and associations within the community (Fig. 1).…”

“…The onset of infestations is attributed to increased access to weakened trees that allow beetle populations to grow and overwhelm the defenses of neighboring pine trees (Hodges et al 1979). Infestation growth in spring is inßuenced by predatorÐprey interactions (Turchin et al 1999), extreme temperatures (McClelland and Hain 1979), and beetle dispersal behavior (Gara 1967). However, epidemic populations during the summer are often too large to be effectively reduced by predators or resin defenses (Reeve et al 1995, Reeve 2000.…”

The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States

“…In the northern limits of southern pine beetle's range, there are fewer generations (3-5) and winter conditions terminate all beetle activity. During cold winters beetle survivorship may be significantly reduced (McClelland and Hain, 1979).…”

Rodents, plants, and precipitation: spatial and temporal dynamics of consumers and resources

“…Temporal and spatial dynamics can also be influenced by variation in the abiotic environment. Such variation may affect some components of ecosystems either directly through fluctuations in abiotic environmental conditions (McClelland and Hain 1979, Chapin and Shaver 1985, Parmesan 1996, Mehlman 1997, or indirectly by influencing other organisms that are either resources, competitors, or consumers (Connell 1961, Paine 1966, Vanni et al 1990, Grant and Grant 1996. There is observational and experimental evidence for all of these processes, but their relative influence has been debated.…”