The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States

Fettig, Christopher J.; Klepzig, Kier D.; Billings, Ronald F.; Munson, A. Steven; Nebeker, T. Evan; Negrón, José F.; Nowak, John T.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.011

Cited by 470 publications

(448 citation statements)

References 185 publications

(216 reference statements)

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“…Scolytids that attack healthy trees are often killed by drowning or immobilization in resin exuded from entry holes; the so-called "constitutive resistance" (Lieutier, 2005). Recently Fettig et al (2007) thoroughly reviewed the relevance of thinning to prevent and control bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of North America. By contrast, primary pests which prefer vigorous trees may be favoured by thinning operations as observed with many defoliators (Sierpinski, 1972), the pine processionary moth, T. pityocampa (Speight and Wainhouse), 1989, the pine tip moth Rhyacionia frustrana (Berisford, 1988in Wainhouse, 2005 and the spruce budworm, Choristoneura pinus (Kouki et al, 1997).…”

Section: Thinning and Pruningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Jactel

Nicoll

Branco³

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

236

167

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Abstract• This article synthesizes and reviews the available information on the effects of forestry practices on the occurrence of biotic and abiotic hazards, as well as on stand susceptibility to these damaging agents, concentrating on mammal herbivores, pest insects, pathogenic fungi, wind and fire.• The management operations examined are site selection, site preparation, stand composition, regeneration method, cleaning and weed control, thinning and pruning, and harvesting. For each of these operations we have examined how they influence the occurrence of biotic and abiotic damaging agents, the susceptibility of European forests, and describe the ecological processes that may explain these influences.• Overall, we find that the silvicultural operations that have the largest influence on both biotic and abiotic risks to European forest stands are closely related to species composition and the structure of the overstorey. Four main processes that drive the causal relationships between stand management and susceptibility have been identified: effect on local microclimate, provision of fuel and resources to biotic and abiotic hazards, enhancement of biological control by natural enemies and changes in individual tree physiology and development.• The review demonstrates an opportunity to develop silvicultural methods that achieve forest management objectives at the same time as minimising biotic and abiotic risks. Mots-clés :sylviculture / peuplement / occurrence / sensibilité / Résumé -Influences de la sylviculture sur le risque de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques dans les peuplements forestiers.• Cette revue bibliographique s'intéresse aux effets de la sylviculture sur la sensibilité des peuplements forestiers aux principaux agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques que sont les mammifères herbivores, les insectes ravageurs, les champignons pathogènes, le feu et les vents forts. * Corresponding author: herve.jactel@pierroton.inra.frArticle published by EDP Sciences Ann. For. Sci. 66 (2009) 701 H. Jactel et al.• Les pratiques forestières analysées sont la sélection et la préparation des sites de reboisement, la définition de la composition en essences et le choix du matériel génétique, les méthodes de régé-nération et d'entretien, les modalités d'éclaircie et d'élagage, le mode de récolte finale. L'influence de chacune de ces opérations sur l'occurrence des agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques et sur la sensibilité des peuplements est examinée ainsi que les processus écologiques sous-jacents.• Les opérations sylvicoles qui se révèlent les plus déterminantes pour la sensibilité des forêts en Europe sont celles qui affectent la composition et la structure de la strate arborée. Quatre principaux processus écologiques semblent expliquer la relation entre sylviculture et sensibilité des peuplements : la modification du micro-climat, l'apport de ressources ou de combustible aux agents de dégâts, l'amélioration du contrôle biologique par les ennemis naturels et l'altération de la physiologie et du développement des arb...

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Section: Thinning and Pruningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Jactel

Nicoll

Branco³

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

236

167

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“…However, selective logging in subalpine forests is currently widespread, in part to reduce perceived fire hazard, but also to control outbreaks of forest pathogens and support other desirable attributes, such as growth of aspen (P. tremuloides; Colorado Division of Forestry, 2005). Furthermore, the impacts of stand density on ecological processes, including insect outbreaks, are not well understood for high elevation ecosystems (Fettig et al, 2007). While many processes are likely to operate similarly to lower elevation, fire-adapted forests, variations in species composition and abiotic factors such as climate, length of growing season, and phenology may lead to significant differences in ecological outcomes (e.g., Griffin and Mills, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stand density on ecosystem properties of subalpine forests in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA

Hall¹,

Marchand²

2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Mixed coniferous, subalpine forest communities in the Rocky Mountains are historically dense and have experienced infrequent, high-severity fire. However, many of these high-elevation stands are thinned for a number of perceived benefits.• We explored the effects of forest stand density on ecosystem properties in subalpine forests in Colorado, USA, 17-18 y after forests were managed for timber.• Forest structure significantly altered the composition and chemical signature of plant communities. Previously managed stands contained lower density of overstory trees and higher ground cover compared to paired reference stands. Foliar phenolic concentration of several species was negatively related to basal area of overstory trees. Furthermore, reductions in stand density increased total foliar phenolic:nitrogen ratios in some species, suggesting that gap formation may drive long-term changes in litter quality. Despite significant changes in forest structure, reductions in stand density did not leave a strong legacy in surface soil properties, likely due to the integrity of soil organic matter reserves.• Changes in forest structure associated with past management has left a long-term impact on plant communities but has only subtly altered soil nutrient cycling, possibly due to trade offs between litter decomposability and microclimate associated with reductions in canopy cover. Mots-clés :chimie foliaire / composés phénoliques / cycle de l'azote du sol / densité du peuplement / biogéochimie Résumé -Effets de la densité du peuplement sur les propriétés des écosystèmes des forêts subalpines dans le sud des Montagnes Rocheuses aux USA.• Les communautés subalpines de forêts mixtes de conifères dans les Montagnes Rocheuses sont historiquement denses et ont peu connu de feux très sévères. Cependant, beaucoup de ces peuplements de haute altitude sont éclaircis pour de nombreux profits.• Nous avons étudié les effets de la densité des peuplements forestiers sur les propriétés des éco-systèmes dans les forêts subalpines du Colorado (USA), 17-18 ans après que les forêts aient été exploitées pour le bois.• La structure de la forêt a considérablement modifié la composition et la signature chimique des communautés végétales. Auparavant les peuplements exploités renfermaient une plus faible densité d'arbres de l'étage dominant et une couverture du sol plus importante par rapport aux peuplements de référence correspondants. La concentration des composés phénoliques foliaires de plusieurs espèces a été liée négativement à la surface terrière des arbres dominants. En outre, les réductions de la densité du peuplement ont augmenté les rapports composés phénoliques foliaires totaux : azote chez certaines espèces, ce qui suggère que la formation de trouée peut conduire à des changements à long terme de la qualité de la litière. Malgré d'importants changements dans la structure forestière, la réduction de la densité du peuplement n'a pas laissé un héritage solide dans les propriétés de surface du sol, probablement à cause de l'inté...

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“…The availability of breeding sites is a key limiting factor for bark beetles. In implanted forests, breeding sites are installed mostly on slash material produced by pruning and thinning (Fettig et al 2007), turning silvicultural management an essential tool for reducing bark beetle populations. Our study provided valuable information about flight activity that can be used to adjust pruning and thinning schedules by forestry companies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns in flight phenologies of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in commercial pine tree plantations in Uruguay

et al. 2017

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SUMMARYThe increasing forested area in Uruguay facilitates the establishment of exotic bark and ambrosia beetles. In 2009, the first infestation of bark beetles was officially recorded. The outbreak included Hylurgus ligniperda, Cyrtogenius luteus and Orthotomicus erosus. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the seasonal flight activity and development time of bark beetles in Pinus taeda commercial stands. Flight activity was monitored by placing interception traps from July 2012 to July 2013. Every 15 days, beetles were collected. Development time was assessed with sets of trap logs from June 2013 to June 2014 during every season. A fortnight after the presence of colonization signs was verified, trap logs were taken to the lab to be incubated. Among the three species of bark beetles captured, H. ligniperda was the most abundant, representing 57 % of the total captures, followed by O. erosus (30 %) and C. luteus (12 %). Hylurgus ligniperda was captured throughout the monitoring period, showing flight peaks during fall and winter. On the other hand, captures of O. erosus were recorded mostly during spring and summer. Cyrtogenius luteus was captured exclusively during high temperature periods. For all species recorded, log colonization date varied through seasons matching the flight period. Incubation time was strongly influenced by temperature, with shorter generations in high temperature periods. Correspondingly, differences in the duration of the subcortical phase were observed for the three species. Our study provided valuable information that can be used to adjust pruning and thinning schedules by forestry companies.Key words: bark beetles, flight phenology, commercial pine tree, Uruguay. RESUMENEl incremento de área forestada en Uruguay facilita el establecimiento de escarabajos de corteza y de ambrosia exóticos. En 2009 se reportó el primer brote de escarabajos de corteza, que incluyó a Hylurgus ligniperda, Cyrtogenius luteus y Orthotomicus erosus. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir y comparar la actividad estacional de vuelo y el tiempo de desarrollo de estos insectos en plantaciones comerciales de Pinus taeda. La actividad de vuelo fue monitoreada mediante trampas de intercepción (julio 2012 a julio 2013) y recolección cada 15 días. El tiempo de desarrollo se evaluó utilizando trozas cebo durante cada estación (junio 2013 a junio 2014). Quince días después de observados los signos de colonización, las trozas cebo fueron llevadas al laboratorio para incubación. Hylurgus ligniperda fue la especie más abundante (57 % de las capturas), seguida por O. erosus (30 %) y C. luteus (12 %). Hylurgus ligniperda fue capturado durante todo el período de monitoreo, con picos de vuelo durante otoño e invierno. Orthotomicus erosus fue registrado mayormente durante primavera y verano. Cyrtogenius luteus fue capturado exclusivamente durante períodos de alta temperatura. Para estas especies, la fecha de colonización de trozas varió entre estaciones, concordando con el período de vuelo. El tiempo de inc...

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The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States

Cited by 470 publications

References 185 publications

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Effects of stand density on ecosystem properties of subalpine forests in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA

Patterns in flight phenologies of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in commercial pine tree plantations in Uruguay

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