Survival of infectious prions in Class B biosolids

Miles, Syreeta L.; Takizawa, Kazue; Gerba, Charles P.; Pepper, Ian L.

doi:10.1080/10934529.2011.542386

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…First, the mobility of prions is limited in environmental samples such as soil and waste materials, including composted yard waste and municipal solid waste . The detachment of PrP TSE from these environmental samples has not been observed even under stringent chaotropic agents, nonionic detergents, or extreme pH. , Furthermore, PrP TSE remains attached to stainless steel surgical instruments and can cause infection even after extensive decontamination, including sonication, chemical reagents, enzymatic disinfectants, and steam autoclaving at 134 °C . The possible migration of PrP TSE in our lab-scale compost was analyzed by WB, but no PrP TSE signals were detected in compost samples collected within the vicinity of nylon bags.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Prions in Compost

Reuter

Gilroyed

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Composting may serve as a practical and economical means of disposing of specified risk materials (SRM) or animal mortalities potentially infected with prion diseases (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, TSE). Our study investigated the degradation of prions associated with scrapie (PrP(263K)), chronic waste disease (PrP(CWD)), and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (PrP(BSE)) in lab-scale composters and PrP(263K) in field-scale compost piles. Western blotting (WB) indicated that PrP(263K), PrP(CWD), and PrP(BSE) were reduced by at least 2 log10, 1-2 log10, and 1 log10 after 28 days of lab-scale composting, respectively. Further analysis using protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) confirmed a reduction of 2 log10 in PrP(263K) and 3 log10 in PrP(CWD). Enrichment for proteolytic microorganisms through the addition of feather keratin to compost enhanced degradation of PrP(263K) and PrP(CWD). For field-scale composting, stainless steel beads coated with PrP(263K) were exposed to compost conditions and removed periodically for bioassays in Syrian hamsters. After 230 days of composting, only one in five hamsters succumbed to TSE disease, suggesting at least a 4.8 log10 reduction in PrP(263K) infectivity. Our findings show that composting reduces PrP(TSE), resulting in one 50% infectious dose (ID50) remaining in every 5600 kg of final compost for land application. With these considerations, composting may be a viable method for SRM disposal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Prions in Compost

Reuter

Gilroyed

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Previous studies have shown that the mobility of prions is limited in environmental samples such as soil 7,53 , composted yard waste and municipal solid waste 54 . The mobility of PrP TSE in these environmental samples was not observed even after exposure to stringent chaotropic agents, nonionic detergents or extreme pH 55,56 . These observations suggest that during composting, the mobility of PrP BSE from manure spheres or their cleavage from stainless steel wires was unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Biodegradation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions in compost

Abeysekara

Dudas

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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To reduce the transmission risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions (PrPBSE), specified risk materials (SRM) that can harbour PrPBSE are prevented from entering the feed and food chains. As composting is one approach to disposing of SRM, we investigated the inactivation of PrPBSE in lab-scale composters over 28 days and in bin composters over 106–120 days. Lab-scale composting was conducted using 45 kg of feedlot manure with and without chicken feathers. Based on protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), after 28 days of composting, PrPBSE seeding activity was reduced by 3–4 log10 with feathers and 3 log10 without. Bin composters were constructed using ~ 2200 kg feedlot manure and repeated in 2017 and 2018. PMCA results showed that seeding activity of PrPBSE was reduced by 1–2 log10 in the centre, but only by 1 log10 in the bottom of bin composters. Subsequent assessment by transgenic (Tgbov XV) mouse bioassay confirmed a similar reduction in PrPBSE infectivity. Enrichment for proteolytic microorganisms through the addition of feathers to compost could enhance PrPBSE degradation. In addition to temperature, other factors including varying concentrations of PrPBSE and the nature of proteolytic microbial populations may be responsible for differential degradation of PrPBSE during composting.

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“…Mouse‐adapted scrapie cell line assay have also been used to evaluate the survival of prions in sewage, with a reduction of infectivity of 0·5 log when incubated at 25°C in wastewater for 1 week, a 2·43 log reduction after anaerobic digestion in sewage sludge at 37°C for 15 days and a 3·41 log reduction when the temperature was increased to 60°C for 10 days (Miles et al . ,b). However, concern has been expressed with these results as to whether the cell line assay was affected by the biosolids matrix (Booth et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%