Survival of myogenic cells in freely grafted rat rectus femoris and extensor digitorum longus muscles

Phillips, Gregg D.; Lu, Danyun; Mitashov, V. I.; Carlson, Bruce M.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001800407

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In wing buds of avian embryos, migrating myogenic cells may be found in close proximity to a prepatterned vascular network (Solursh et al, 1987). In line with these observations, spatiotemporal correlations between the ingrowth of blood vessels into a formerly ischemic area and detection of cells with myogenic capacities in that area has been repeatedly reported (Phillips et al, 1987;Kardon et al, 2002). Although the lineage relationships between ECs and muscle progenitors is not firmly agreed upon in the literature, our present studies do strongly support a functional relationship.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Muscle Satellite Cells and Endothelial Cells: Close Neighbors and Privileged Partners

Christov

Chrétien

Abou-Khalil

et al. 2007

MBoC

579

601

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Genetically engineered mice (Myf5 nLacZ/؉ , Myf5GFP-P/؉ ) allowing direct muscle satellite cell (SC) visualization indicate that, in addition to being located beneath myofiber basal laminae, SCs are strikingly close to capillaries. After GFP ؉ bone marrow transplantation, blood-borne cells occupying SC niches previously depleted by irradiation were similarly detected near vessels, thereby corroborating the anatomical stability of juxtavascular SC niches. Bromodeoxyuridine pulse-chase experiments also localize quiescent and less quiescent SCs near vessels. SCs, and to a lesser extent myonuclei, were nonrandomly associated with capillaries in humans. Significantly, they were correlated with capillarization of myofibers, regardless to their type, in normal muscle. They also varied in paradigmatic physiological and pathological situations associated with variations of capillary density, including amyopathic dermatomyositis, a unique condition in which muscle capillary loss occurs without myofiber damage, and in athletes in whom capillaries increase in number. Endothelial cell (EC) cultures specifically enhanced SC growth, through IGF-1, HGF, bFGF, PDGF-BB, and VEGF, and, accordingly, cycling SCs remained mainly juxtavascular. Conversely, differentiating myogenic cells were both proangiogenic in vitro and spatiotemporally associated with neoangiogenesis in muscular dystrophy. Thus, SCs are largely juxtavascular and reciprocally interact with ECs during differentiation to support angio-myogenesis. INTRODUCTIONMuscle tissue repair is a complex biological process that crucially involves activation of stem cells. Skeletal muscle contains two different stem cell types: 1) myogenic stem cells, so-called satellite cells (SCs), that reside beneath the basal lamina of muscle fibers (Mauro, 1961) and express both NCAM/CD56 and early myogenic cell markers such as M-cadherin, Pax7, and Myf5 (Beauchamp et al., 2000;Seale et al., 2000;Hawke and Garry, 2001; Bischoff and FranziniArmstrong, 2004) and 2) interstitial multipotent stem cells, which are extralaminal, exhibit fibroblastic morphology and do not express myogenic markers (Asakura et al., 2001;Tamaki et al., 2002). SCs are primarily quiescent in skeletal muscle, can self-renew (Collins et al., 2005) and upon activation, proliferate and further differentiate to become fusioncompetent myoblasts and ensure muscle regeneration (Hawke and Garry, 2001;Bischoff and Franzini-Armstrong, 2004). Interstitial "muscle-derived" stem cells give rise to several lineages after transplantation and in this setting, contribute to synchronized reconstitution of blood vessels (pericytes, smooth muscle cells [SMCs], and endothelial cells), peripheral nerve (Schwann cells), and muscle cells (myofibers and SCs; Tamaki et al., 2005). However, participation of multipotent interstitial stem cells in physiological muscle repair appears to be limited. Instead, it is widely accepted that sublaminal SCs represent the pre-eminent muscle stem cell type used for muscle growth, repair and regeneration (Dhawan...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Muscle Satellite Cells and Endothelial Cells: Close Neighbors and Privileged Partners

Christov

Chrétien

Abou-Khalil

et al. 2007

MBoC

579

601

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“…Several investigators have demonstrated the crucial role of the satellite cells in the regenerative process (Schultz et al, 1988;Carlson, 1986;Bischoff, 1986). After autografting, the core region of muscle degenerates, while satellite cells surviving in the peripheral region appear to migrate centripetally to the degenerative region and differentiate, fusing into myotubes (Phillips et al, 1987;Schultz et al, 1988).…”

Section: Expression Of A-actin Mrnas I N Standard Autografted Edl Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of α‐cardiac and α‐skeletal actin mRNAs in relation to innervation in regenerating and non‐regenerating rat skeletal muscles

Toyofuku

Hoffman

Zak

et al. 1992

Developmental Dynamics

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The expression of a-cardiac and a-skeletal actin mRNA in regenerating muscle was examined. Changes in mRNA levels were analyzed in autografted extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in rats using a-isoform specific synthetic oligonucleotides and p-actin cDNA as probes. After autografting, the expression of acardiac actin mRNA was induced; concomitantly that of a-skeletal actin mRNA was reduced. The pattern of a-actin mRNA expression appeared to be similar to that seen in embryonic skeletal muscle. In order to evaluate the effects of innervation on a-actin mRNA expression in regenerating muscle, nerveless, standard, and nerve-intact autografted muscles were examined. More complete innervation facilitated the recovery of a-skeletal actin mRNA to control levels, but had little effect on the amount of a-cardiac actin mRNA. We found that regenerating muscle shows the embryonic pattern of a-actin mRNAs in the early stage and concluded that the recovery of a-skeletal actin mRNA expression to the adult pattern is influenced by innervation, while a-cardiac actin mRNA expression is nerve independent. 0 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: Actin, Skeletal muscle, Regeneration, Rat INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle regeneration is a widespread phenomenon among mammals and the other vertebrates (Caplan et al., 1988). At the cellular level an injured muscle fiber breaks down and is removed by a sequence of intracellular degeneration and macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. This is followed by the activation of satellite cells, their fusion into a myotube, and its differentiation into a cross-striated muscle fiber. A number of aspects of the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of regenerating muscle fibers show a recapitulation of the ontogenetic pattern.Regenerating muscle fibers are subjected to a number of extrinsic influences, such as innervation, activity patterns, and the overall mechanical environment surrounding the area of regeneration. These influences

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“…Following muscle trauma, there is abundant evidence for the direct migration of myoblasts from the necrotic area towards the periphery (Schultz et al, 1988). Later, during regeneration, they migrate back to the center, where they undergo myogenesis (Phillips et al, 1987). Localized muscle trauma apparently produces factors that stimulate chemotaxis of myoblasts from distant sites (Watt et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved muscle healing through enhanced regeneration and reduced fibrosis in myostatin-null mice

McCroskery

Thomas

Platt

et al. 2005

Journal of Cell Science

180

140

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Numerous stimulatory growth factors that can influence muscle regeneration are known. Recently, it has been demonstrated that neutralization of muscle growth inhibitory factors, such as myostatin (Mstn; also known as growth differentiation factor 8, Gdf8), also leads to increased muscle regeneration in mdx mice that are known to have cycles of degeneration. However, the precise mechanism by which Mstn regulates muscle regeneration has not yet been fully determined. To investigate the role of Mstn in adult skeletal muscle regeneration, wild-type and myostatin-null (Mstn-/-) mice were injured with notexin. Forty-eight hours after injury, accelerated migration and enhanced accretion of myogenic cells (MyoD1+) and macrophages (Mac-1+) was observed at the site of regeneration in Mstn-/- muscle as compared with wild-type muscle. Inflammatory cell numbers decreased more rapidly in the Mstn-/- muscle, indicating that the whole process of inflammatory cell response is accelerated in Mstn-/- mice. Consistent with this result, the addition of recombinant Mstn reduced the activation of satellite cells (SCs) and chemotactic movements of both myoblasts and macrophages ex vivo. Examination of regenerated muscle (28 days after injury) also revealed that Mstn-/- mice showed increased expression of decorin mRNA, reduced fibrosis and improved healing as compared with wild-type mice. On the basis of these results, we propose that Mstn negatively regulates muscle regeneration not only by controlling SC activation but also by regulating the migration of myoblasts and macrophages to the site of injury. Thus, antagonists of Mstn could potentially be useful as pharmacological agents for the treatment of disorders of overt degeneration and regeneration.

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Survival of myogenic cells in freely grafted rat rectus femoris and extensor digitorum longus muscles

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Muscle Satellite Cells and Endothelial Cells: Close Neighbors and Privileged Partners

Muscle Satellite Cells and Endothelial Cells: Close Neighbors and Privileged Partners

Expression of α‐cardiac and α‐skeletal actin mRNAs in relation to innervation in regenerating and non‐regenerating rat skeletal muscles

Improved muscle healing through enhanced regeneration and reduced fibrosis in myostatin-null mice

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