Survival of surrogate coronaviruses in water

Casanova, Lisa M.; Rutala, William A.; Weber, David J.; Sobsey, Mark D.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.002

Cited by 380 publications

(433 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…After four weeks in almost the same conditions but at 4 °C, there was less than <1 log 10 infectivity decrease for both viruses. The authors concluded that in case of SARS-CoV re-emergence water contaminated with fecal waste should be considered as a potential vehicle of transmission [111]. …”

Section: Hcovs: Enveloped But Not That Fragilementioning

confidence: 99%

Human Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental Resistance and Its Influence on the Development of New Antiseptic Strategies

Geller

Varbanov

Duval

2012

Viruses

389

374

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The Coronaviridae family, an enveloped RNA virus family, and, more particularly, human coronaviruses (HCoV), were historically known to be responsible for a large portion of common colds and other upper respiratory tract infections. HCoV are now known to be involved in more serious respiratory diseases, i.e. bronchitis, bronchiolitis or pneumonia, especially in young children and neonates, elderly people and immunosuppressed patients. They have also been involved in nosocomial viral infections. In 2002–2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), due to a newly discovered coronavirus, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV); led to a new awareness of the medical importance of the Coronaviridae family. This pathogen, responsible for an emerging disease in humans, with high risk of fatal outcome; underline the pressing need for new approaches to the management of the infection, and primarily to its prevention. Another interesting feature of coronaviruses is their potential environmental resistance, despite the accepted fragility of enveloped viruses. Indeed, several studies have described the ability of HCoVs (i.e. HCoV 229E, HCoV OC43 (also known as betacoronavirus 1), NL63, HKU1 or SARS-CoV) to survive in different environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and humidity), on different supports found in hospital settings such as aluminum, sterile sponges or latex surgical gloves or in biological fluids. Finally, taking into account the persisting lack of specific antiviral treatments (there is, in fact, no specific treatment available to fight coronaviruses infections), the Coronaviridae specificities (i.e. pathogenicity, potential environmental resistance) make them a challenging model for the development of efficient means of prevention, as an adapted antisepsis-disinfection, to prevent the environmental spread of such infective agents. This review will summarize current knowledge on the capacity of human coronaviruses to survive in the environment and the efficacy of well-known antiseptic-disinfectants against them, with particular focus on the development of new methodologies to evaluate the activity of new antiseptic-disinfectants on viruses.

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Section: Hcovs: Enveloped But Not That Fragilementioning

confidence: 99%

Human Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental Resistance and Its Influence on the Development of New Antiseptic Strategies

Geller

Varbanov

Duval

2012

Viruses

389

374

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…81 Interestingly, not all enveloped viruses rapidly lose their infectivity (Table 3). 85 In two studies of human coronaviruses in water, 77,78 temperature was found to have the most pronounced effect of a range of variables on survivability, with up to an order of magnitude difference in decay rates between samples at 4°C and room temperature. Inactivation rates are highly dependent on the water temperature and matrix.…”

Section: Survival In Municipal Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…85 In two studies of human coronaviruses in water, 77,78 temperature was found to have the most pronounced effect of a range of variables on survivability, with up to an order of magnitude difference in decay rates between samples at 4°C and room temperature. 78 Based on the collective data, matrix effects on virus inactivation are complex and vary significantly amongst different viruses and environmental samples. Viruses in sterilized wastewater, for example, are inactivated at different rates than viruses in non-sterilized wastewater.…”

Section: Survival In Municipal Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging investigators series: the source and fate of pandemic viruses in the urban water cycle

Wigginton

Ellenberg

2015

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

182

196

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Several recent high profile outbreaks such as SARS, MERS, Ebola and avian influenzas draw attention to the continued risk of a deadly viral pandemic. In general, these enveloped viruses are not considered a major threat for the wastewater and water industries due to their assumed low concentrations in municipal wastewater and high susceptibilities to degradation in aqueous environments. A number of clinical reports, however, suggest that certain enveloped viruses are excreted in human feces during infection.Furthermore, survivability studies show that many enveloped viruses are capable of retaining infectivity for days to months in aqueous environments. Here, we examine the potential presence and fate of enveloped viruses in the urban water cycle, with emphasis on coronaviruses (e.g., SARS and MERS) and avian influenza viruses. We identify a number of pressing research questions that must be answered before the water and wastewater industries can confidently assure the public, through the dissemination of evidence-based guidance, that irrigation waters, recreation waters, and drinking water sources are safe during a viral outbreak or pandemic event.Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol. This journal is

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“…30 However, a study investigating enveloped surrogates of coronaviruses (transmissible gastroenteritis and mouse hepatitis) demonstrated that these enveloped viruses remained infectious in wastewater for weeks, with 1 to 2 log unit removal after 1 week. 46 Additionally, enveloped Inf luenza viruses have previously been detected in sewage; 47 however, the potential for infection through water exposure remains unknown. These data suggest the potential for both the environmental persistence and transmission of the enveloped Ebola virus.…”

Section: ■ Ebola Virus Survival In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola Virus Persistence in the Environment: State of the Knowledge and Research Needs

Bibby¹,

Casson²,

Stachler³

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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In March 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus (Ebola) arose in western Africa. Since then, there have been more than 10000 cases reported with a mortality rate of approximately 70% in clinically confirmed cases. A significant unanswered question has arisen for the scientific and engineering communities, as well as the general public, surrounding Ebola virus persistence in the environment and the potential for an environmental route of Ebola virus exposure. Here, the authors review the state of knowledge of Ebola virus environmental persistence and highlight future research needs. In general, there are limited data on the environmental persistence or disinfection of Ebola virus available in the open literature. The available evidence suggests that Ebola virus is inactivated at a rate more rapid than or comparable to those of typically monitored enteric viruses. Additionally, while environmental exposure is not the dominant exposure route, available data suggest that it is imprudent to dismiss the potential of environmental transmission without further evidence. A significant research effort, including environmental persistence studies and microbial risk assessment, is necessary to inform the safe handling and disposal of Ebola virus-contaminated waste, especially liquid waste in the wastewater collection and treatment system.

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Survival of surrogate coronaviruses in water

Cited by 380 publications

References 23 publications

Human Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental Resistance and Its Influence on the Development of New Antiseptic Strategies

Human Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental Resistance and Its Influence on the Development of New Antiseptic Strategies

Emerging investigators series: the source and fate of pandemic viruses in the urban water cycle

Ebola Virus Persistence in the Environment: State of the Knowledge and Research Needs

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