Survival of verocytotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157 in soil, water and on surfaces

Maule, Andrew J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2000.tb05334.x

Cited by 178 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Experimental contamination of cattle faeces showed a good survival capacity when faeces were maintained between 15 °C and 18 °C [54,105]. The temperature and the water activity of the faeces influenced the duration of EHEC O157 survival, which was the longer (more than 70 days) when faecal samples spiked with the organism were stored at 5°C, and had a water activity of 0.98 at the end of the storage [176].…”

Section: Persistence In Faeces and Manurementioning

confidence: 99%

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

et al. 2005

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-Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) constitute a subset of serotypes (E. coli O157 and some other serogroups) of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) firmly associated with severe human illnesses like bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Stx production is essential but not sufficient for EHEC virulence. Most strains are capable of colonising the intestinal mucosa of the host with the "attaching and effacing" mechanism, genetically governed by a large pathogenicity island (PAI) defined as the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement. Other virulence factors carried by mobile genetic elements like PAI and plasmids have been recently described, and their role in the pathogenic process has not been fully elucidated. EHEC are zoonotic pathogens. They rarely cause disease in animals, and ruminants are recognised as their main natural reservoir. Cattle are considered to be the most important source of human infections with EHEC O157, and the ecology of the organism in cattle farming has been extensively studied. The organism has also been reported in sheep, goats, water buffalos, and deer. Pigs and poultry are not considered to be a source of EHEC and the sporadic reports may derive from accidental exposure to ruminant dejections. The epidemiology of EHEC infections has remarkably changed during the past ten years and an increasing number of unusual food vehicles have been associated with human infections. New routes of transmission have emerged, like contact with animals during farm visits and a wide variety of environment-related exposures. As for other zoonotic agents, having animals and raw products that are free from EHEC is not possible in practice. However, their occurrence can be minimised by applying high standards of hygiene in all the steps of the food production chain.

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Section: Persistence In Faeces and Manurementioning

confidence: 99%

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

et al. 2005

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“…Transport was mainly associated with rainfall, which occurred 3 and 7 d after slurry application, and which led to a cumulative loss of 7% of the applied E. coli O157:H7 . Maule (2000) measured the persistence of E. coli O157:H7 in soil using cores as a model system. Survival of the organism was greatest in soil cores containing rooted grass; viable numbers declined from 10 8 cfu g -1 soil to between 10 6 and 10 7 cfu g -1 soil after 130 d at 18°C.…”

Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission and control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 — A review

Bach¹,

McAllister²,

Veira³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

126

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. 2002. Transmission and control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 -A review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: [475][476][477][478][479][480][481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490]. Escherichia coli 157:H7 has evolved as an important foodborne pathogen since its initial description in 1982. Outbreaks of illness associated with E. coli O157:H7 have been reported throughout the northern hemisphere, most frequently in Canada, the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. In Canada, infections due to E. coli O157:H7 appear to be more common in the western provinces than in the east, in rural vs. urban environments, and during summer as opposed to winter months. Undercooked ground beef has been implicated as the primary vehicle in E. coli O157:H7 infection, but contaminated fruits, vegetables and water have also been linked to E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks. Epidemiological investigations demonstrate that dairy and beef cattle are primary reservoirs of this organism, carrying it asymptomatically and shedding it intermittently and seasonally in their feces. Surveys in Canada and the United States indicate widespread distribution of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle operations. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle has been increasing in recent reports, likely due to the development of more sensitive methods for the detection of the organism. Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been isolated from feed, water for livestock, manure, soil and flies, all of which represent potential sources of contamination for cattle and their environment. To date, effective methods for controlling E. coli O157:H7 in cattle have not been identified, although dietary manipulation, vaccination and bacteriophage therapy have been reported to have potential as intervention strategies. Effective control of E. coli O157:H7 requires reducing the frequency and intensity of fecal shedding of this pathogen by cattle, in addition to targeting environmental sources of the organism.

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“…Elevated levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli) are correlated with increased risk of disease, yet fecal contamination continues to be an increasing problem in the United States and worldwide [1]. The presence of E. coli is used as an indicator of fecal contamination for all types of water supplies, especially with freshwaters [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Strain Type and Water Quality on Soil-Associated Escherichia coli

Gallagher¹,

Lago²,

Hagedorn³

et al. 2013

IJESD

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Abstract-Escherichia coli strains from gulls, chickens, humans, Canada geese, horses, deer, and swine exhibited nearly 25-fold differences in adhesion to kaolinite particles. Hydrophobicity and zeta potential were not correlated with adhesion. There were significant differences in adhesion patterns between avian strains and most mammalian strains, while there were no differences in adhesion patterns between domestic animal strains and wild strains, or between ruminant and non-ruminant mammals. Selected strains exhibited varying responses to changes in pH, sorbent type, ionic strength, and generational cell age. The results indicate that adhesion by different strains under varying environmental conditions is more variable than previously recognized and that sediment-adhered bacteria can represent a significant population. Such wide variation in adhesion behavior could affect the assessment of bacterial contamination in receiving waters, and has implications for field sampling techniques, laboratory culture conditions, and experimental design of water quality projects, including TMDL protocols.Index Terms-E. coli, fecal coliforms, water pollution, bacterial adhesion, microbial source tracking.

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Survival of verocytotoxigenicEscherichia coliO157 in soil, water and on surfaces

Cited by 178 publications

References 38 publications

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission

Transmission and control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 — A review

Effects of Strain Type and Water Quality on Soil-Associated Escherichia coli

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