Survival, Pb-uptake and behaviour of three species of earthworm in Pb treated soils determined using an OECD-style toxicity test and a soil avoidance test

Langdon, Caroline J.; Hodson, Mark E.; Arnold, Rebecca E.; Black, Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.03.002

Cited by 98 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…2C). This is in agreement with the observations in artificial soils of Arnold et al (2003), Currie et al (2005) and Langdon et al (2005). Earthworm reproduction was a greatly decreased in the field soils with pH values lower than 5.9, such as F0, F1, F3 and B0 (Table 1; Fig.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Biological Responses and Physicochesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the present study, the effect of pH was weaker for internal Pb than for reproduction (Table 3). This was not in agreement with the results observed by Peijnenburg et al (1999), Langdon et al (2005) and Bradham et al (2006). Internal Pb concentrations did not correlate with soil OM content, but they significantly and negatively correlated with DOC level in the porewater.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Biological Responses and Physicochecontrasting

confidence: 91%

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Determining the bioavailability and toxicity of lead contamination to earthworms requires using a combination of physicochemical and biological methods

Luo

Verweij

Gestel

2014

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tThis study aimed at assessing the bioavailability and toxicity of lead to Eisenia andrei in shooting range soils representing different land uses (forest, grassland, bullet plot). Soils contained 47e2398 mg Pb/kg dry weight (dw), but also had different pH-CaCl 2 (3.2e6.8) and organic matter contents (3.8e13%). Therefore artificial soils with different pH and organic matter contents and two natural soils were included as control soils. Earthworms were exposed for 28 days and toxicity and uptake of Pb were related to total, water and 0.01 M CaCl 2 extractable and porewater Pb concentrations as well as to soil characteristics. Pb uptake in the earthworms linearly increased with increasing soil concentrations. At >2000 mg Pb/kg dw and pH 3.3e3.5, high earthworm mortality with significant weight loss and complete inhibition of reproduction were recorded. At <1000 mg/kg dw, earthworm reproduction was more related to differences in pH and other soil characteristics than to Pb.

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Section: The Relationship Between Biological Responses and Physicochesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: The Relationship Between Biological Responses and Physicochecontrasting

confidence: 91%

Determining the bioavailability and toxicity of lead contamination to earthworms requires using a combination of physicochemical and biological methods

Luo

Verweij

Gestel

2014

Environmental Pollution

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“…Regarding the distribution of earthworms (depth distribution) in the control, 80% of the worms were found in the upper layer (0-10 cm) of the soil column (Table 2) as expected by this species ecology (Langdon et al, 2005). The same occurred following the application of the two pesticides in single and binary exposures ( Table 2).…”

Section: E Andreisupporting

confidence: 57%

Evaluation of the joint effect of glyphosate and dimethoate using a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem

Santos

Morgado

Ferreira

et al. 2011

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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a b s t r a c tIn the present work a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem (STEM) containing a soil collected from an agricultural field in Central Portugal was used to evaluate the effects of the combination of the herbicide glyphosate and the insecticide dimethoate. Earthworms (Eisenia andrei), isopods (Porcellionides pruinosus), turnip seeds (Brassica rapa), and bait-lamina strips were placed in the STEM. The results showed that the application of the recommended field dose of both pesticides did not cause any effect on the weight variation of earthworms and growth of the plants. The application of the herbicide, even at 5 and 10 times the field dose, increased feeding activity in soil (bait-lamina test), although the application of dimethoate led to a decrease in feeding activity in all concentrations tested. The binary mixtures performed showed that according to the Independent Action model, synergism (higher effect than expected from the single exposures) was observed in both the shoot length and fresh weight of B. rapa at 5 times the field dose, but antagonism was observed at 10 times the field dose. Regarding the germination success, synergism was observed at the field dose, but antagonism was detected at 5 times and 10 times the field dose. There was a decrease on the earthworm's weight in all concentrations tested, although no statistical differences were observed in any of the treatments made. Regarding depth distribution of E. andrei, worms were found in the upper layer more than it was predicted for all concentrations. In the mixtures with the field and 5 times the field dose there was a decrease in the feeding activity (bait-lamina consumption) by the soil fauna. From the four biomarkers assessed on the isopods (Catalase, Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-transferase, and Lipid peroxidation), only a significant decrease in the Acetylcholinesterase activity upon dimethoate and the binary mixtures exposures performed with the field dose was observed and on Lipid peroxidation at the field doses of single and binary exposures.

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“…These results indicate the suitability of E. fetida as standard species for ecotoxicological tests (Kobetičová et al, 2010), since it is easily produced in laboratory conditions and it had similar responses to biosolids applications as the other soil-dwelling species that occur in agricultural soils such as L. terrestris and A. caliginosa. This assumption is supported by Langdon et al (2005) who determined the effect of lead on survival and avoidance response of E. andrei, L. rubellus and A. caliginosa, in a standard artificial soil. Little or no variations among the three ecologically different earthworms species were observed in the avoidance test results.…”

Section: Methods Development and Comparisonssupporting

confidence: 50%

Assessment of biosolids in earthworm choice tests with different species and soils

Artuso¹,

Kennedy

Connery³

et al. 2013

Global NEST Journal

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Earthworm avoidance response is a new tool for rapid and efficient screening of potentially toxic substances added to soil environments. This technique was used to determine if five common, ecologically different earthworm species (Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea longa, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris) avoid soils amended with six biosolids (treated sewage sludge) applied at rates equivalent to realistic field rates of 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 t ha ). The other species did not show any preferences. An additional treatment comparing the behaviour of E. fetida in natural and artificial soil suggested that the type of soil can alter the preference of earthworms. Comparisons of behavioural and actual toxicity data for the same six biosolids suggest that avoidance responses by earthworms are sensitive enough to reflect different toxicities of biosolids. It is concluded that earthworm avoidance behaviour offers an ecologically relevant tool for screening the deleterious rate-effect of biosolid amended soils.

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Survival, Pb-uptake and behaviour of three species of earthworm in Pb treated soils determined using an OECD-style toxicity test and a soil avoidance test

Cited by 98 publications

References 11 publications

Determining the bioavailability and toxicity of lead contamination to earthworms requires using a combination of physicochemical and biological methods

Determining the bioavailability and toxicity of lead contamination to earthworms requires using a combination of physicochemical and biological methods

Evaluation of the joint effect of glyphosate and dimethoate using a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem

Assessment of biosolids in earthworm choice tests with different species and soils

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