Survival rates and sex ratio of bovine IVE embryos frozen at different developmental stages on day 7

Carvalho, Rita; Campo, M.R. Del; Palasz, A.T.; Plante, Y.; Mapletoft, R.J.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(95)00385-l

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In our experiments, the phenomenon clearly results from a failure of female embryos cultured on the complex TCM-199 medium to make the transition to EB rather than from the faster growth of males. As suspected by Carvalho et al (22) and Gutierrez-Adan et al (47), glucose may be the reagent in the medium that is deleterious to female embryo development. Our data (Table 2) confirmed that a simple, glucose-free medium allowed female embryos to form EB as easily as males, and that the addition of 5.5 mM glucose to this medium was selectively detrimental to female EB formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Others have noted a bias in the sex ratio toward males in populations of bovine embryos cultured to the EB stage, although the magnitude of the effect has been variable (4,5,(21)(22), § § ¶ ¶ and its basis is not well understood. In our experiments, the phenomenon clearly results from a failure of female embryos cultured on the complex TCM-199 medium to make the transition to EB rather than from the faster growth of males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several recent studies indicating that in vitro-produced male bovine embryos predominate among blastocysts and that this skew in sex ratios becomes more exaggerated at the expanded and hatched stages (18)(19)(20)(21). Meanwhile, embryos lagging in development have been shown to be predominantly female (22). This bias toward males, which may be the outcome of in vitro embryo culture, although in one sense artificial, could be a reflection of an in vivo mechanism of the selection of male embryos.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sexual dimorphism among bovine embryos in their ability to make the transition to expanded blastocyst and in the expression of the signaling molecule IFN-τ

Larson

Kimura

Kubisch

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

138

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IFN-is a secretory product of trophectoderm of cattle, sheep, and their relatives and is expressed for a few days in early pregnancy after the blastocyst first forms. It serves to alert the mother that she is pregnant. A delayed or less than robust IFN-signal is a likely cause of embryonic loss. Here we have determined whether blastocyst production of IFN-, which is encoded by a cluster of genes on chromosome 9, differs between the sexes in cattle, as assessed by culture of in vitro-derived embryos on two different media, one complex (tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with serum) with coculture support, the other relatively simple (synthetic oviductal fluid plus albumin). With both media, female blastocysts produced approximately double the amount of IFN-as males, regardless of such variables as oocyte batch, blastocyst quality, hatching, and length of time in culture. However, in either tissue culture medium 199, which contains 5.5 mM D-glucose, or in synthetic oviductal fluid, in the presence but not in the absence of added glucose, significantly fewer female than male embryos were able to progress from the morula͞early blastocyst stage to more advanced stages of development. It is possible that the differences between male and female embryos both in their production of IFN-and in their ability to progress in development in glucose-rich media are manifestations of phenomena that occur in vivo and provide plasticity in embryo selection during early pregnancy.embryo culture ͉ in vitro maturation-in vitro fertilization ͉ sexual dimorphism

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual dimorphism among bovine embryos in their ability to make the transition to expanded blastocyst and in the expression of the signaling molecule IFN-τ

Larson

Kimura

Kubisch

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Apesar das causas deste desvio ainda não estarem completamente esclarecidas, há fortes evidências de que procedimentos da PIV podem estar relacionados com a ocorrência deste desvio sexual para machos, como os meios de preparação espermática (rHeinGantz, 2006), a presença de glicose (BredBacka e BredBacka , 1996a; 1996b) ou a composição do meio de cultivo (PeGOrarO et al, 1998;lOnerGan et al, 2001). Os componentes do meio de cultivo podem influenciar a velocidade de desenvolvimento e/ou a sobrevivência dos embriões de determinado sexo devido a diferenças metabólicas ligadas ao sexo do embrião macho (PeiPO e BredBacka, 1996;carvalHO et al, 1996;rHeinGantz et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Proporção sexual de embriões bovinos PIV 60 D após TETF de acordo com o estágio de desenvolvimento embrionário inovulado

Ortlibas¹,

Muniz²,

Netto³

et al. 2015

Bol. Ind. Anim.

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“…In vitro culture has for decades proved its ability to allow full development in oocytes collected from non-ovulated follicles with reasonable rates (Avery et al, 1989(Avery et al, , 1991Carvalho et al, 1996;Gutiérrez-Adán et al, 2001). However, besides an effect of oocyte competence, the inherited spermatozoid sex chromosome may interfere in the probability of an embryo to result in a term gestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene silencing during development of in vitro-produced female bovine embryos

Merighe¹,

Biase²,

Santos-Biase³

et al. 2009

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. In early development, female embryos (XX) produce twice the transcripts of X-linked genes compared with male embryos (XY). During the course of development, inactivation of the X chromosome equilibrates gene dosage, making the development of female embryos viable. Moreover, the biotechnologies used for producing embryos in vitro seem to work better with male embryos, making it easier for them to reach the blastocyst stage and allow for complete gestation. We investigated the expression of three X-linked genes that are involved in development, XIST, G6PD, and HPRT, and of the transcript interferon-t, in male and female bovine blastocysts produced by nuclear transfer (NT) and by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Oocytes that had been matured in vitro were enucleated and reconstructed with somatic cells from adult animals at 18 h post-maturation. After fusion (two pulses of 2.25 kv/cm) and chemical activation (5.0 mM ionomycin for 5 min and 2.0 mM 6-DMAP for 3 h), the oocytesomatic cell units were cultivated in CR2 with a monolayer of granulosa cells at 38.8°C, in a humidified 5% CO 2 atmosphere. IVF embryos were inseminated, after centrifugation in a Percoll gradient, with 2 x 10 6 sperm/ mL TALP medium supplemented with BSA and PHE and cultivated under the same conditions as the cloned embryos. We used real-time PCR to analyze the gene expression of individual blastocysts compared to expression of the housekeeping gene, GAPDH. The gene XIST was expressed in female embryos and not in male embryos produced by IVF, though it was expressed at low levels in male embryos produced by NT. Unlike previous reports, we found lower levels of the transcript of G6PD in females than in males, suggesting double silencing or other mechanisms of control of this gene. Female embryos produced by IVF expressed the HPRT gene at a higher level than female embryos produced by NT, suggesting that gene silencing proceeds faster in NT-produced female embryos due to "inactivation memory" from the nucleus donor. In conclusion, male and female embryos express different levels of X-chromosome genes and failures of these genes that are essential for development could reduce the viability of females. Nuclear transfer can modify this relation, possibly due to epigenetic memory, leading to frequent failures in nuclear reprogramming.

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Survival rates and sex ratio of bovine IVE embryos frozen at different developmental stages on day 7

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

Sexual dimorphism among bovine embryos in their ability to make the transition to expanded blastocyst and in the expression of the signaling molecule IFN-τ

Sexual dimorphism among bovine embryos in their ability to make the transition to expanded blastocyst and in the expression of the signaling molecule IFN-τ

Proporção sexual de embriões bovinos PIV 60 D após TETF de acordo com o estágio de desenvolvimento embrionário inovulado

Gene silencing during development of in vitro-produced female bovine embryos

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