The available evidence shows that Helicobacter pylori serology or endoscopic population screening is cost-effective, while endoscopic surveillance of premalignant gastric lesions presents conflicting results. Better implementation of published guidelines and accomplishment of systematic detailed reviews are needed.

Background: Adequate bowel preparation is one of the most important quality factors of colonoscopy. Our goal was to analyse the impact of personalised patient education on bowel cleansing preparation for colonoscopy. Methods: We performed a single-blinded, single-centre, prospective randomised trial, where patients were either allocated to a control group, where they received some predefined oral and written information on bowel preparation from the gastroenterologist, or to an intervention group, where patients received additional personalised instructions for bowel preparation and diet from a nurse. The primary outcome was the quality of bowel preparation (Aronchick scale). Results: A total of 229 patients were randomised; 113 to the control group and 116 to the intervention group. In intention-to-treat analysis, bowel preparation was adequate in 62% (95% CI 53-70) of colonoscopies in the intervention group and in 35% (95% CI 26-44) of colonoscopies in the control group (p < 0.001). The absolute risk reduction was 27%, the relative risk was 1.77, and the number needed to treat was 4. Subgroup analysis showed a significant impact of personalised education in patients under 65 years (67 vs. 35%; p < 0.001), in males (60 vs. 33%; p = 0.003), in those with higher educational levels (68 vs. 37%; p = 0.002), in those living in urban areas (68 vs. 40%; p = 0.004), and in those with previous colonoscopy (68 vs. 40%; p = 0.001). Risk factors for inadequate preparation were: male gender (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.1-4.1), diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.2-11.6), chronic constipation (OR = 3.7; 95% CI 1.7-8.2), absence of prior abdominal surgery (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.2-4.1), and being in the control group (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.4-4.4). Conclusions: Personalised patient education on bowel preparation for colonoscopy significantly improved the quality of bowel preparation.

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Background: capsule endoscopy (CE) has revolutionized the study of small bowel. One major drawback of this technique is that we cannot interfere with image acquisition process. Therefore, the development of new software tools that could modify the images and increase both detection and diagnosis of small-bowel lesions would be very useful. The Flexible Spectral Imaging Color Enhancement (FICE) that allows for virtual chromoendoscopy is one of these software tools.Aims: to evaluate the reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of the FICE system in CE.Methods: this prospective study involved 20 patients. First, four physicians interpreted 150 static FICE images and the overall agreement between them was determined using the Fleiss Kappa Test. Second, two experienced gastroenterologists, blinded to each other results, analyzed the complete 20 video streams. One interpreted conventional capsule videos and the other, the CE-FICE videos at setting 2. All findings were reported, regardless of their clinical value. Non-concordant findings between both interpretations were analyzed by a consensus panel of four gastroenterologists who reached a final result (positive or negative finding).Results: in the first arm of the study the overall concordance between the four gastroenterologists was substantial (0.650). In the second arm, the conventional mode identified 75 findings and the CE-FICE mode 95. The CE-FICE mode did not miss any lesions identified by the conventional mode and allowed the identification of a higher number of angiodysplasias (35 vs 32), and erosions (41 vs. 24).Conclusions: there is reproducibility for the interpretation of CE-FICE images between different observers experienced in conventional CE. The use of virtual chromoendoscopy in CE seems to increase its diagnostic accuracy by highlighting small bowel erosions and angiodysplasias that weren't identified by the conventional mode. INTRODUCTIONDigestive endoscopy has evolved from a pure diagnostic technique into a major interventional and therapeutic one. Even though, its value as a diagnostic tool has been kept and multiple developments have occurred to increase its diagnostic accuracy. The current technology of imageenhanced endoscopy is available to augment the detection, diagnosis and treatment of subtle lesions (1). Conventional white light endoscopy is associated with a disproportionate miss rate for subtle lesions (mainly flat). Therefore, the endoscopic manufacturers have developed several adjunct technologies working as point enhancement. One of these software tools is the Flexible Spectral Imaging Color Enhancement (FICE). It is easier and less time consuming than topical application of stains or pigments, since it is available with a simple button change to make multiple modifications of wavelength (2).The FICE system, manufactured by Fujinon Corporation (Saitama, Japan), is implemented based on Spectral Estimation Technology, which takes a real time endoscopic image from the video processor and arithmetically processes, estimates and produce...

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