Susceptibilidad a Insecticidas y Actividad Enzimática de Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Proveniente de Tres Huertos de la Región del Maule, Chile

Reyes, Maritza; Bouvier, Jean; Boivin, Thomas; Fuentes‐Contreras, Eduardo; Sauphanor, Benoît

doi:10.4067/s0365-28072004000300002

Cited by 22 publications

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“…Los resultados del presente estudio indican que existe alto flujo génico y ausencia de estructura poblacional entre huertos de manzano de las Regiones de O´Higgins y Maule, en una situación más parecida a la de Francia que a la de Sudáfrica. Estos antecedentes concuerdan con estudios realizados que muestran niveles incipientes de resistencia a insecticidas en C. pomonella provenientes de huertos con y sin aplicación de estos productos en las Regiones de O'Higgins y Maule (Reyes et al 2004;Fuentes-Contreras et al, 2007), los que sugieren una alta tasa de migración entre huertos independientemente de su tipo de manejo agronómico.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Por el contrario, Timm et al (2006) compararon poblaciones de C. pomonella de Sudáfrica mediante Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados (AFLPs), encontrando diferenciación significativa entre poblaciones de diferentes localidades geográficas independientemente de la planta hospedera. Para el caso de Chile no existen antecedentes sobre la estructura y dinámica de las poblaciones de C. pomonella desde un punto de vista genético, aunque existen datos sobre resistencia incipiente a algunos insecticidas que sugieren que pueden existir altos niveles de flujo génico entre huertos con y sin aplicación de estos agroquímicos (Reyes et al, 2004;Fuentes-Contreras et al, 2007). Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la variabilidad genética y frecuencias genotípicas de poblaciones de C. pomonella provenientes de seis huertos de manzano de Chile Central, mediante la utilización de marcadores moleculares de tipo microsatélite desarrollados recientemente para esta plaga (Franck et al, 2005;Zhou et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Utilización de Microsatélites para la Determinación de la Polilla de la Manzana Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en Chile Central

et al. 2007

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A B S T R A C TCodling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) is the main pest of pip fruits worldwide. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the genetic structure and patterns of movement at local and regional scale, important aspects for establishing a control strategy for this pest. An analysis of genetic variability on six populations of C. pomonella using microsatellite was performed in the two major apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) growing regions of Central Chile. In spite of geographic distances between some populations (aprox. 180 km), there was little genetic differentiation among populations (F ST = 0.0-0.00097 and G ST = 0.005-0.127), without isolation by distance, and high levels of gene flow (Nm ≈ 250). High frequencies of null alleles were found over all loci across populations (Na = 0.292) which seem to explain the significant heterozygote deficiencies found. Approximatelly 98% of the variance was found within individuals and very little at the other hierarchical levels. The high levels of genetic diversity and gene flow detected seem to indicate that the codling moth populations studied in both regions have an almost continuous distribution. R E S U M E NLa polilla de la manzana (Cydia pomonella L.) es la plaga más importante de los frutales pomáceos en el mundo. A pesar de su gran importancia económica, poco se sabe acerca de su estructura genética y patrones de movimiento a escala local y regional, aspectos importantes para establecer una estrategia de control de esta plaga. Mediante la utilización de microsatéli-tes se realizó un análisis de la variabilidad genética de seis poblaciones de la polilla de la manzana en las dos principales regiones productoras de manzanas (Malus domestica Borkh.) en Chile Central. A pesar de las distancias geográficas entre algunas poblaciones (aprox. 180 km), se encontraron bajos coeficientes de diferenciación genética entre poblaciones (F ST = 0,0-0,00097 y G ST = 0,005-0,127), sin presencia de aislamiento por distancia, y con altos niveles de flujo génico (Nm ≈ 250). Se encontraron altas frecuencias de alelos nulos (Na = 0,292) para todos los loci, a través de las poblaciones analizadas, lo que explicaría el significativo déficit de heterocigotos encontrado. Aproximadamente un 98% de la variabilidad genética encontrada corresponde a una variación intraindividual, atribuyéndose prácticamente nada a los demás niveles jerárquicos. La alta diversidad génica y los altos niveles de flujo génico parecen indicar que las poblaciones estudiadas de la polilla de la manzana en ambas regiones estudiadas están distribuidas formando casi un continuo.Palabras clave: flujo génico, estructura poblacional, biotecnología.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Utilización de Microsatélites para la Determinación de la Polilla de la Manzana Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en Chile Central

et al. 2007

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“…Previous studies had found an increase in codling moth development time and a subsequent phenological delay of insecticide resistant individuals, which has been suggested as a pleiotropic cost of insecticide resistance (Boivin et al, 2005). Detectable levels of insecticide resistance have been reported in codling moth from both Washington (Varela et al, 1993;Knight, 2010d) and Maule (Reyes et al, 2004;Fuentes-Contreras et al, 2007), which may support the similar phenological differences found in Washington and Chile compared with Michigan in the 1970's. However, the similar experimental designs and several relevant differences with the methods used by Riedl et al (1976) may also account for these different models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Modeling codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) phenology and predicting egg hatch in apple orchards of the Maule Region, Chile

Barros-Parada

Knight

Contreras

2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Studies were conducted in the Maule Region to characterize the phenology of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) The Predictive Extension Timing Estimator (PETE) and a logistic phenological model were validated with eight data sets of cumulative moth catches in sex pheromone (PH) and kairomone-baited traps and the cumulative occurrence of fruit injuries from apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards during the 2009-2011 seasons. Second, the start of egg hatch was predicted from the first sustained male and female moth catches (biofix) in traps baited with pear ester (PE), PE+acetic acid (AA), PE+PH, and PH alone. Both phenological models fit data well except that the logistic provided a better fit than the PETE model of the phenology of egg hatch of the codling moth in the first generation, with a difference of 11 d between models in the prediction of 50% egg hatch. No significant difference was found between biofix dates established for males using either PH or PE+PH lures or for the biofix date based on female catches with PE+AA or PH+PE. The biofix established with the sustained female catch occurred nearly 11 d later than the male-based biofix. The use of a female biofix provided on average a 4-d improvement in the prediction of first egg hatch compared with the traditional use of a male biofix, but this difference was not significant. The use of PE+AA lures increased the proportion of cases when a female-based biofix could be established compared with the use of the PH+PE lure.

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“…Larger body size is related to higher detoxification capacity, which confers resistance towards insecticides (Reyes et al, 2004(Reyes et al, , 2015Fuentes-Contreras et al, 2007). Therefore, females with larger body size have higher levels of insecticide resistance than do males with a smaller body size (Varela et al, 1993;Sauphanor et al, 2000;Reyes et al, 2004Reyes et al, , 2015Fuentes-Contreras et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies in codling moth have found an association between insecticide resistance, body size, and sexual dimorphism because females have higher levels of resistance compared with males, which usually are of smaller body size (Varela et al, 1993;Sauphanor et al, 2000;Reyes et al, 2004Reyes et al, , 2015Fuentes-Contreras et al, 2007). Body size has also been related to dispersal capability in the codling moth: in the same population, larger females tend to be more fecund, live longer, and disperse less than smaller females (Gu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass and wing geometric morphology of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) according to sex, location and host plant in the region of Maule, Chile

et al. 2015

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Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the key pest of apple and walnut production worldwide. Among other variables, successful management of this pest is dependent on adult dispersal at the local scale. Body mass and wing geometric morphology were evaluated on female and male codling moth adults collected from apple and walnut trees in three localities of the Region of Maule. Codling moth adults were obtained by rearing diapausing larvae collected from the field. Newly emerged adults were killed, and the total dry weight, thorax weight and abdomen weight were calculated. The wings were cleared and mounted for morphometric analyses: 15 and 11 characteristics of the fore and hind wings, respectively, were measured, including the meeting points of the veins and attaching points to the margins. In addition, wing length, area, loading, and aspect ratio were evaluated. As previously reported, females showed larger thorax, abdomen and total body mass, with longer, larger, and wider wings than males but with similar wing loading as males. The geometric morphology analysis also confirmed a sexual dimorphism in the fore and hind wings' size and shape. Significant differences in body mass and wing loading were found between localities, with morphological differences detected in the fore and hind wing shape but not in size. Host plant (apple and walnut) did not influence body mass, wing size or shape variables. Potential consequences of body mass and wing morphology differences on the dispersal and management of this major pest are discussed.

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Susceptibilidad a Insecticidas y Actividad Enzimática de Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Proveniente de Tres Huertos de la Región del Maule, Chile

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Utilización de Microsatélites para la Determinación de la Polilla de la Manzana Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en Chile Central

Utilización de Microsatélites para la Determinación de la Polilla de la Manzana Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en Chile Central

Modeling codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) phenology and predicting egg hatch in apple orchards of the Maule Region, Chile

Body mass and wing geometric morphology of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) according to sex, location and host plant in the region of Maule, Chile

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