Susceptibility Distribution to Essential Oils of Salmonella enterica Strains Involved in Animal and Public Health and Comparison of the Typhimurium and Enteritidis Serotypes

Abstract

To determine the distribution of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of essential oils (EOs) of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), oregano (Origanum vulgare), common thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and red thyme (Thymus zygis) against Salmonella enterica, double serial dilutions of each EO were challenged with 85 Salmonella strains belonging to 23 serotypes of animal origin. The results showed the bactericidal character of the EOs tested against S. enterica, highlighting the oregano with MIC and MBC of 3.12 × 10 g/mL, and MIC and MBC of 6.25 × 10 g/mL. When comparing the Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis serotypes susceptibility, we observed a significantly higher sensitivity of Typhimurium to clove and Enteritidis to cinnamon. In addition, Typhimurium isolates with significantly higher MIC and MBC values for all the EOs tested were found, suggesting the existence of a possible resistance profile. The results of this study provide relevant data for the potential of EOs as antibacterials, although they highlight the need to continue bacterial sensitivity distribution studies and consider the differences detected for future in vivo studies.

Entrapment of a phage cocktail and cinnamaldehyde on sodium alginate emulsion-based films to fight food contamination by Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis

“…patterns were found for both species investigated in this study. The concentrations found are in accordance to previous studies (Burt et al, 2016;Pei, Zhou, Ji, & Xu, 2009) and were lower than the ones found for others essential oils (oregano, thyme and clove) tested against the same species (Lara et al, 2016;Solarte et al, 2018). Furthermore, MIC and MBC values almost coincided (two-fold difference), which indicates that CNMA killing is generally bactericidal, a highly desirable mode of action to control microbial contamination (Ocampo et al, 2014).…”

Mechanisms for Salmonella Infection and Potential Management Options in Chicken

“…The bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) significantly reduced S. enteritidis in cecal contents of infected chicken without affecting the total cecal endogenous population (Upadhyaya et al, 2014). These findings are supported by other scholars who revealed the higher antibacterial activity of essential oils of cinnamon (C. zeylanicum) against strains of Salmonella enterica after disrupting bacterial cell membrane (Vazirian et al, 2015;Solarte et al, 2018). Other species with essential oils effective in inhibiting Salmonella spp.…”

“…in chickens are clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), oregano (Origanum vulgare), common thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and red thyme (Thymus zygis). (Solarte et al, 2018).…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility of selected Essential Oils and their compounds against Streptococcus suis

“…The lack of the standardized method, the differences on the EOs composition (geographical origin, growth climatic and environmental conditions, part of the plant and the extraction method) and the variability of the botanical names, difficult the comparison of the results between different studies (29,32,35,42). In our study, EOs showed better antimicrobial activity than their main compounds, results that can be explained if consider that the molecules contained in very low proportion can also play an important role (32).…”

“…Essential oils are natural products with hydrophobic character and a complex chemical composition (13), which could be used for the treatment of diseases caused by resistant bacteria (27)(28)(29). In previous studies, we showed that cinnamon, oregano, thyme and their main compounds (cinnamaladehyde, carvacrol and thymol) could be used in combination with gentamicin and tetracycline for the control of resistant S. suis isolates from swine (19).…”