Susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms grown in a constant depth film fermentor to chlorhexidine, fluconazole and miconazole: a longitudinal study

Lamfon, Hanadi; Porter, Stephen; McCullough, Michael; Pratten, Jonathan

doi:10.1093/jac/dkh071

Cited by 90 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Similarly, another study has reported the superior efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) and Listerine mouthwashes in eliminating Candida biofilms [116]. Interestingly, in a flow biofilm model of C. albicans, chlorhexidine appeared to be more effective in comparison to fluconazole and miconazole in reducing biofilm Candida [117].…”

Section: Mouth Washesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Future therapies targeted towards eliminatingCandidabiofilms and associated infections

Bandara

Matsubara

Samaranayake

2016

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Section: Mouth Washesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Future therapies targeted towards eliminatingCandidabiofilms and associated infections

Bandara

Matsubara

Samaranayake

2016

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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“…As ergosterol is an important constituent of the cytoplasmic membrane, treatment with azole antifungals leads to growth inhibition (31). Besides this fungistatic mechanism of action, recent data indicate a fungicidal effect of miconazole (an imidazole) against Candida species cells in suspension and in young and mature biofilms (17,28). The accumulation of reactive oxygen species appears to be involved in this process, although it is likely that other mechanisms are also involved in the fungicidal activity (10,16,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosphingosine-1-Phosphate Is a Signaling Molecule Involved in Miconazole Resistance in Sessile Candida albicans Cells

Vandenbosch

Bink

Govaert

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that 1% to 10% of sessileCandida albicanscells survive treatment with high doses of miconazole (a fungicidal imidazole). In the present study, we investigated the involvement of sphingolipid biosynthetic intermediates in this survival. We observed that theLCB4gene, coding for the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine, is important in governing the miconazole resistance of sessileSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandC. albicanscells. The addition of 10 nM phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (PHS-1-P) drastically reduced the intracellular miconazole concentration and significantly increased the miconazole resistance of a hypersusceptibleC. albicansheterozygousLCB4/lcb4mutant, indicating a protective effect of PHS-1-P against miconazole-induced cell death in sessile cells. At this concentration of PHS-1-P, we did not observe any effect on the fluidity of the cytoplasmic membrane. The protective effect of PHS-1-P was not observed when the efflux pumps were inhibited or when tested in a mutant without functional efflux systems. Also, the addition of PHS-1-P during miconazole treatment increased the expression levels of genes coding for efflux pumps, leading to the hypothesis that PHS-1-P acts as a signaling molecule and enhances the efflux of miconazole in sessileC. albicanscells.

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“…Given that C. albicans within a biofilm can be up to 1,000-fold more resistant than planktonic yeast to fluconazole (31,32), and given the specificity of xanthochymol for hyphae, we tested whether the two compounds might have complementary antifungal activities. We tested the combination of fluconazole and xanthochymol at 3 h and 24 h of biofilm development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garcinia xanthochymus Benzophenones Promote Hyphal Apoptosis and Potentiate Activity of Fluconazole against Candida albicans Biofilms

Jackson

Yang

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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c Xanthochymol and garcinol, isoprenylated benzophenones purified from Garcinia xanthochymus fruits, showed multiple activities against Candida albicans biofilms. Both compounds effectively prevented emergence of fungal germ tubes and were also cytostatic, with MICs of 1 to 3 M. The compounds therefore inhibited development of hyphae and subsequent biofilm maturation. Xanthochymol treatment of developing and mature biofilms induced cell death. In early biofilm development, killing had the characteristics of apoptosis, including externalization of phosphatidyl serine and DNA fragmentation, as evidenced by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence. These activities resulted in failure of biofilm maturation and hyphal death in mature biofilms. In mature biofilms, xanthochymol and garcinol caused the death of biofilm hyphae, with 50% effective concentrations (EC 50 s) of 30 to 50 M. Additionally, xanthochymol-mediated killing was complementary with fluconazole against mature biofilms, reducing the fluconazole EC 50 from >1,024 g/ml to 13 g/ml. Therefore, xanthochymol has potential as an adjuvant for antifungal treatments as well as in studies of fungal apoptosis.

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Susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms grown in a constant depth film fermentor to chlorhexidine, fluconazole and miconazole: a longitudinal study

Abstract: We have shown in this study that the susceptibility of C. albicans to antifungal and antimicrobial agents changes throughout biofilm development.

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

Future therapies targeted towards eliminatingCandidabiofilms and associated infections

Future therapies targeted towards eliminatingCandidabiofilms and associated infections

Phytosphingosine-1-Phosphate Is a Signaling Molecule Involved in Miconazole Resistance in Sessile Candida albicans Cells

Garcinia xanthochymus Benzophenones Promote Hyphal Apoptosis and Potentiate Activity of Fluconazole against Candida albicans Biofilms

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