Susceptibility of Elk (Cervus Elaphus) to Experimental Infection With Anaplasma Marginale and A. Ovis

Zaugg, Jerry L.; Goff, Will L.; Foreyt, William J.; Hunter, David

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-32.1.62

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…in Guizhou showed great similarity to A. marginale, and similar results were observed in sheep in Gansu (16), indicating that sheep and goats are very likely natural reservoir hosts of A. marginale. This is not surprising because A. marginale infection of ruminants other than cattle has been documented (1,26). Experimental infection of splenectomized sheep with A. marginale has been shown to cause subclinical symptoms (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular Survey and Genetic Identification of Anaplasma Species in Goats from Central and Southern China

Liu

Wang

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

156

140

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular Survey and Genetic Identification of Anaplasma Species in Goats from Central and Southern China

Liu

Wang

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

156

140

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“…Elk are susceptible to experimental infection with both A. marginale and A. ovis and become chronically infected (at least 172 days) without developing clinical disease (Zaugg et al., 1996). Barber‐Meyer et al.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Bovine Anaplasmosis

Aubry

Geale

2010

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

342

236

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Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is an infectious but non-contagious disease. It is spread through tick bites or by the mechanical transfer of fresh blood from infected to susceptible cattle from biting flies or by blood-contaminated fomites including needles, ear tagging, dehorning and castration equipment. Transplacental transmission of A. marginale may contribute to the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in some regions. Bovine anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Cattle of all ages are susceptible to infection with A. marginale, but the severity of disease increases with age. Once cattle of any age become infected with A. marginale, they remain persistently infected carriers for life. Diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis can be made by demonstration of A. marginale on stained blood smears from clinically infected animals during the acute phase of the disease, but it is not reliable for detecting infection in pre-symptomatic or carrier animals. In these instances, the infection is generally diagnosed by serologic demonstration of antibodies with confirmation by molecular detection methods. The susceptibility of wild ruminants to infection by A. marginale and the role of wild ruminants in the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis are incompletely known owing to lack of published research, lack of validation of diagnostic tests for these species and cross-reaction of Anaplasma spp. antibodies in serologic tests. Control measures for bovine anaplasmosis vary with geographical location and include maintenance of Anaplasma-free herds, vector control, administration of antibiotics and vaccination.

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“…Also, it is important to know the geographic distributions and host records for pathogens; B. lonestari and A. marginale are not known to occur in the northeastern United States. Although predominantly a pathogen of cattle, the latter has been reported infecting deer and elk (Cervus elaphus) in other regions of the United States (Keel et al, 1995;Zaugg et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Recombinant Antigens of Borrelia Burgdorferi and Anaplasma Phagocytophilum in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays to Detect Antibodies in White-Tailed Deer

Magnarelli

IJdo

Ramakrishnan

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Serum samples obtained from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Connecticut (nϭ218) and South Carolina (nϭ20) (USA) during the period 1992-2002 were analyzed for antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens (i.e., fusion proteins) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, etiologic agents of Lyme borreliosis and granulocytic ehrlichiosis, respectively. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with wholecell B. burgdorferi, the overall seropositivity rate for Connecticut (53%) exceeded that for South Carolina (30%). In separate tests of seven recombinant antigens of B. burgdorferi by an ELISA, seroprevalence for the VlsE antigen was highest (48%) in Connecticut followed by outer surface protein (OspF) (21%), whereas serum reactivities to the protein (p) 41-G antigen (55%) and VlsE (25%) were most frequent for South Carolina sera. In analyses for antibodies to the recombinant protein (p) 44 antigen of A. phagocytophilum, seroprevalences of 52% and 25% were recorded for Connecticut and South Carolina samples, respectively. These findings paralleled those determined by indirect fluorescent antibody staining methods with whole cells (43% and 30%). Moreover, there was good agreement (74%) in results of Western blot analyses and an ELISA when a subset of 39 sera was screened with whole-cell or recombinant p44 antigens of A. phagocytophilum. An ELISA with highly specific recombinant VlsE or p44 antigens can be used in conjunction with other antibody tests to determine whether deer living in different regions of eastern United States were exposed to B. burgdorferi or A. phagocytophilum.

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Susceptibility of Elk (Cervus Elaphus) to Experimental Infection With Anaplasma Marginale and A. Ovis

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Molecular Survey and Genetic Identification of Anaplasma Species in Goats from Central and Southern China

Molecular Survey and Genetic Identification of Anaplasma Species in Goats from Central and Southern China

A Review of Bovine Anaplasmosis

Use of Recombinant Antigens of Borrelia Burgdorferi and Anaplasma Phagocytophilum in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays to Detect Antibodies in White-Tailed Deer

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