Susceptibility of Musca domestica larvae and adults to entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) native to Mexico

Abstract

We evaluated the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic nematodes native to Mexico, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema sp., towards M. domestica under controlled conditions. For adults, concentrations of 1,600 (A) and 1,200 (B) nematodes/ml were considered. For larvae, only the first concentration applied to filter paper, wheat bran, and peat moss as substrates was evaluated. An analysis of variance showed that the differences in adult mortality were only significant (p = 0.0001) among nematode species but not among concentrations within species. However, differences were significant (p = 0.0001) when data were analyzed when 50% of the individuals died (LT50). For H. indica, the LT50 were 46.5 h and 65.8 h for the concentrations A and B, respectively. Females were more susceptible than males. H. indica recorded the highest mortality, with 79.2% and 35.5% for females and males, respectively. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were recorded in larval mortality. H. indica induced the highest mortality (53.3%) when applied on peat moss. The results are a fundamental basis for future management studies of M. domestica by entomopathogenic nematodes.

Importancia de Haematobia irritans en la ganadería bovina de México: Situación actual y perspectivas. Revisión

“…Control biológico. El uso de enemigos naturales para el control de las poblaciones de H. irritans ha sido ampliamente explorado tanto en ensayos in vitro como en infestaciones controladas y naturales (73)(74)(75)(76) . Dentro de los enemigos naturales se incluye a los parasitoides Pteromalidos que parasitan de pupas de moscas como los incluidos en los géneros Muscidifurax spp.…”

“…y Heterorhabditis spp. ), se presentan como una alternativa de biocontrol que requiere de mayor investigación para alcanzar su uso en el campo (74,76) .…”

Comparative Bioactivity of Silver, Aluminum Oxide, and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the House Fly “Musca Domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)”

“…Larvae were checked daily for pupation. Pupae were carefully separated with soft forceps and transferred to small plastic cups to complete development for adult emergence in cages [26] .…”

Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus as Symbiotic Bacteria for Bio-Control Housefly (Musca domestica L.)

“…and Heterorhabditis spp.) 17,18 , fungi (Beauveria bassiana) 19,20 , bacteria (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis) [21][22][23] , essential oils and plant extracts [24][25][26] .…”