Susceptibility of Ochlerotatus Taeniorhynchus and Culex Nigripalpus for Everglades Virus

Coffey, Lark L.; Weaver, Scott C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.1.0730011

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…taeniopus . 3,[8][9][10] If subtype IE VEEV had adapted to use the former epizootic mosquito vector, would there be a corresponding loss of fitness observed in the enzootic mosquito vector? Because the equine-virulent IE strains were found to be more closely related, genetically, to enzootic IE strains than to epizootic subtypes IAB or IC, we hypothesized that the new, equine-virulent subtype IE VEEV strains would still be able to efficiently infect and be transmitted by Cx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Deardorff¹,

Weaver

2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The mosquito Culex ( Melanoconion ) taeniopus is a proven vector of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) subtype IE in Central America. It has been shown to be highly susceptible to infection by this subtype, and conversely to be highly refractory to infection by other VEEV subtypes. During the 1990s in southern coastal Mexico, two VEE epizootics in horses were attributed to subtype IE VEEV. These outbreaks were associated with VEEV strains with an altered infection phenotype for the epizootic mosquito vector, Aedes ( Ochlerotatus ) taeniorhynchus. To determine the infectivity for the enzootic vector, Culex taeniopus, mosquitoes from a recently established colony were orally exposed to VEEV strains from the outbreak. The equine-virulent strains exhibited high infectivity and transmission potential comparable to a traditional enzootic subtype IE VEEV strain. Thus, subtype IE VEEV strains in Chiapas are able to efficiently infect enzootic and epizootic vectors and cause morbidity and mortality in horses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Deardorff¹,

Weaver

2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The most abundant mammalophilic species in regions of Florida in which EVEV was previously detected, Aedes taeniorhynchus and Cx. nigripalpus, are not competent EVEV vectors in laboratory experiments ( 8 ). Although marginally susceptible mosquito species have been implicated as arbovirus vectors during outbreaks when their large population sizes allow for efficient transmission, the species implicated in those settings showed at least some competence in laboratory susceptibility experiments ( 27 , 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…taeniorhynchus and Cx. nigripalpus were completely refractory to experimental laboratory infection with EVEV ( 8 ). Also, enzootic viruses in the VEEV complex, including EVEV, are typically highly specific in their use of Culex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No recent serosurveys to detect current EVEV transmission have been performed, and the geographic distribution of EVEV circulation has never been defined by comprehensive surveys. Laboratory susceptibility experiments suggest that Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei may be the only important EVEV vector ( 7 , 8 ). This species has only been reported in 12 southern counties of Florida ( 9 ), which indicates that if the mosquito vector regulates EVEV distribution, EVEV activity is probably limited to those areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Serologic Evidence of Widespread Everglades Virus Activity in Dogs, Florida

Coffey¹,

Crawford²,

Dee³

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Everglades virus (EVEV), an alphavirus in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex, circulates among rodents and vector mosquitoes in Florida and occasionally infects humans. It causes febrile disease, sometimes accompanied by neurologic manifestations. Although previous surveys showed high seroprevalence in humans, EVEV infections may be underdiagnosed because the disease is not severe enough to warrant a clinic visit or the undifferentiated presentations complicate diagnosis. Documented EVEV activity, as recent as 1993, was limited to south Florida. Using dogs as sentinels, a serosurvey was conducted to evaluate whether EVEV circulated recently in Florida and whether EVEV's spatial distribution parallels that of the mosquito vector, Culex cedecei. Four percent of dog sera contained neutralizing EVEV antibodies, and many seropositive animals lived farther north than both recorded EVEV activity and the principal vector. These results indicate that EVEV is widespread in Florida and may be an important, unrecognized cause of human illness.

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“…nigripalpus to be completely refractory to oral infection by Everglades virus (VEEV subtype II) and enzootic subtype IE VEEV, and equine-virulent subtype IE VEEV despite previous virus isolation from wild caught mosquitoes. 43,44 The large numbers encountered during field studies and the low numbers of virus isolation for this species suggests it likely does not play a significant role in natural VEEV transmission. 3,41,45 The abundance of potential epizootic vectors throughout the study area and their known habits and preferences suggests that several vector species participated in transmitting VEEV to horses during the 1993 outbreak.…”

Section: Culex Taeniopus As a Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate Vectors and Rodent Hosts of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, Chiapas, 2006–2007

Deardorff¹,

Estrada-Franco

Freier³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) has been known to occur in Mexico since the 1960s. The first natural equine epizootic was recognized in Chiapas in 1993 and since then, numerous studies have characterized the etiologic strains, including reverse genetic studies that incriminated a specific mutation that enhanced infection of epizootic mosquito vectors. The aim of this study was to determine the mosquito and rodent species involved in enzootic maintenance of subtype IE VEEV in coastal Chiapas. A longitudinal study was conducted over a year to discern which species and habitats could be associated with VEEV circulation. Antibody was rarely detected in mammals and virus was not isolated from mosquitoes. Additionally, Culex ( Melanoconion ) taeniopus populations were found to be spatially related to high levels of human and bovine seroprevalence. These mosquito populations were concentrated in areas that appear to represent foci of stable, enzootic VEEV circulation.

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Susceptibility of Ochlerotatus Taeniorhynchus and Culex Nigripalpus for Everglades Virus

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Serologic Evidence of Widespread Everglades Virus Activity in Dogs, Florida

Candidate Vectors and Rodent Hosts of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, Chiapas, 2006–2007

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