Susceptibility of Phelipanche and Orobanche species to AAL-toxin

Zélicourt, Axel de; Montiel, Grégory; Pouvreau, Jean‐Bernard; Thoiron, Séverine; Delgrange, Sabine; Simier, Philippe; Delavault, Philippe

doi:10.1007/s00425-009-1008-1

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…and Myrothecium verrucaria [41]–[43] have been used successfully against Orobanche and Striga spp. These fungi seem to act differently from AM fungi: they behave as pathogens of the parasite, infecting its tissues or producing toxins [38], [42], [44], [45]. Mycorrhizal fungi offer two advantages as biocontrol agents: they are not pathogenic to any crop plant, and provide important additional benefits such as an improved water and mineral nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Germination of Orobanche cumana Seeds in the Presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi or Their Exudates

Louarn

Carbonne

Delavault³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp) are parasitic plants responsible for important crop losses, and efficient procedures to control these pests are scarce. Biological control is one of the possible strategies to tackle these pests. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widespread soil microorganisms that live symbiotically with the roots of most plant species, and they have already been tested on sorghum for their ability to reduce infestation by witchweeds, another kind of parasitic plants. In this work AM fungi were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against Orobanche cumana, a broomrape species that specifically attacks sunflower. When inoculated simultaneously with O. cumana seeds, AM fungi could offer a moderate level of protection against the broomrape. Interestingly, this protection did not only rely on a reduced production of parasitic seed germination stimulants, as was proposed in previous studies. Rather, mycorrhizal root exudates had a negative impact on the germination of O. cumana induced by germination stimulants. A similar effect could be obtained with AM spore exudates, establishing the fungal origin of at least part of the active compounds. Together, our results demonstrate that AM fungi themselves can lead to a reduced rate of parasitic seed germination, in addition to possible effects mediated by the mycorrhizal plant. Combined with the other benefits of AM symbiosis, these effects make AM fungi an attractive option for biological control of O. cumana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Germination of Orobanche cumana Seeds in the Presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi or Their Exudates

Louarn

Carbonne

Delavault³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…Asc1 partially compensated for the growth defect in the Lag1/Lac1-deleted yeast strain, indicating a common function of these plant and yeast ceramide synthase genes (Spassieva et al, 2002;Mullen et al, 2011). It has also been shown that sensitivity to AAL-toxin is governed by Asc1/Lag1 homologues in other plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Orobanche cumana (Gechev et al, 2004(Gechev et al, , 2008de Zelicourt et al, 2009).…”

Section: Aal-toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-selective toxins produced by the plant pathogenic fungusAlternaria alternata

et al. 2013

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Host-selective toxins (HSTs) produced by fungal plant pathogens are generally low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites with a diverse range of structures that function as effectors controlling pathogenicity or virulence in certain plant-pathogen interactions. There are now seven known diseases caused by Alternaria alternata in which HSTs are responsible for fungal pathogenesis. The pathogens have been defined as pathotypes of A. alternata because of morphological similarity but pathological differences. Chemical structures of HSTs from six pathotypes have been determined. The role of A. alternata HSTs in pathogenesis has been studied extensively, and discovery of the release of HSTs from germinating conidia prior to penetration aids in understanding the early participation of HSTs to induce susceptibility of host cells by suppressing their defence reactions. Many attempts have been made to find the target sites of A. alternata HSTs, and four cellular components, plasma membrane, mitochondrion, chloroplast and a metabolically important enzyme, have been identified as the primary sites of each HST action, leading to elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of HST sensitivity in host plants. Studies of the molecular genetics of HST production have identified supernumerary chromosomes encoding HST gene clusters and have provided new insights into the evolution of A. alternata pathotypes.

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“…ceramide synthase), a key enzyme in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway (Westhuizen et al , 1998). The disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis causes marked accumulation of free sphingoid bases (Abbas et al , 1994), which induce both programmed cell death (PCD) in susceptible plant cells and neoplastic events in mammals (Wang et al , 1996; Morisseau et al , 1999; Egusa et al , 2009; Zélicourt et al , 2009). Sensitivity to AAL toxin is not common in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensitivity to AAL toxin is not common in plants. It has host selectivity within different plant species (Abbas et al , 1995; Mesbah et al , 2000; Zélicourt et al , 2009). Only a small number of Solanaceous species contain SAM-sensitive genotypes (Brandwagt et al , 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insensitivity to SAMs and fungal AAL is determined by the single co-dominant Alternaria Stem Canker ( ASC ) locus (Brandwagt et al , 2000, 2002). The Asc-1 gene is homologous to the yeast Longevity Assurance Gene 1 ( LAG1 ) (Brandwagt et al , 2002; Zélicourt et al , 2009), which is involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis and can prevent perturbation in sphingolipid metabolism and cell death to a large extent (Gechev et al , 2004). Sensitivity to AAL toxin is limited to tomato genotypes homozygous for the recessive allele ( asc / asc ) associated with a mutation in the Asc gene (Morisseau et al , 1999; Abbas et al , 2008; Zélicourt et al , 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The involvement of jasmonates and ethylene in Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici toxin-induced tomato cell death

Zhang

Chen

Liu

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Previous studies have shown that an ethylene (ET)-dependent pathway is involved in the cell death signalling triggered by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici (AAL) toxin in detached tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves. In this study, the role of jasmonic acid (JA) signalling in programmed cell death (PCD) induced by AAL toxin was analysed using a 35S::prosystemin transgenic line (35S::prosys), a JA-deficient mutant spr2, and a JA-insensitive mutant jai1. The results indicated that JA biosynthesis and signalling play a positive role in the AAL toxin-induced PCD process. In addition, treatment with the exogenous ET action inhibitor silver thiosulphate (STS) greatly suppressed necrotic lesions in 35S::prosys leaves, although 35S::prosys leaflets co-treated with AAL toxin and STS still have a significant high relative conductivity. Application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) markedly enhanced the sensitivity of spr2 and jai1 mutants to the toxin. However, compared with AAL toxin treatment alone, exogenous application of JA to the ET-insensitive mutant Never ripe (Nr) did not alter AAL toxin-induced cell death. In addition, the reduced ET-mediated gene expression in jai1 leaves was restored by co-treatment with ACC and AAL toxin. Furthermore, JA treatment restored the decreased expression of ET biosynthetic genes but not ET-responsive genes in the Nr mutant compared with the toxin treatment alone. Based on these results, it is proposed that both JA and ET promote the AAL toxin-induced cell death alone, and the JAI1 receptor-dependent JA pathway also acts upstream of ET biosynthesis in AAL toxin-triggered PCD.

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Susceptibility of Phelipanche and Orobanche species to AAL-toxin

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Reduced Germination of Orobanche cumana Seeds in the Presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi or Their Exudates

Reduced Germination of Orobanche cumana Seeds in the Presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi or Their Exudates

Host-selective toxins produced by the plant pathogenic fungusAlternaria alternata

The involvement of jasmonates and ethylene in Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici toxin-induced tomato cell death

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