Susceptibility of rapidly growing mycobacteria isolated from cats and dogs, to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and moxifloxacin

In vitro interaction of some drug combinations to inhibit rapidly growing mycobacteria isolates from cats and dogs and these isolates' susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine

“…As RGM QC strains only have breakpoints available to the single fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin, the QC strain also underwent susceptibility testing to ciprofloxacin to ensure accuracy of results when the test strains underwent testing to enrofloxacin. As ciprofloxacin is an active metabolite of enrofloxacin, and enrofloxacin has been shown to have greater activity against RGM than ciprofloxacin, if an isolate was susceptible to ciprofloxacin it was most likely also susceptible to enrofloxacin. Since the time of susceptibility testing, the CLSI Standard M31‐A3 has been updated to VET01‐A4 and VET01‐S2; however, susceptibility testing methods and the enrofloxacin MIC for S. aureus ATCC 29213 remain consistent.…”

“…Use of elevated dosages of enrofloxacin in cats has been associated with mild to severe retinopathy, especially at doses markedly higher than the label‐approved 5 mg/kg dosage or if the drug was given intravenously to critical patients . For this reason, enrofloxacin is not recommended for treating RGM infections in cats because a clinical cure can take months to achieve and there is sometimes a requirement to obtain higher than usual plasma concentrations by increasing drug dosage to ‘drive’ the agent into marginally perfused tissues …”

“…All M. smegmatis isolates were collected from aspirated pus of deep tissue samples from either a pyogranulomatous panniculitis on the trunk (four of the five feline patients) or cutaneous lesions on the hindlimbs (one each from a cat and dog). Biochemical identification of each isolate is described elsewhere, together with a description of preparation of the DNA template, amplification of 16S rRNA and heat shock protein loci, as well as the DNA sequence . Quality control isolates M. peregrinum American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 700686 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 underwent susceptibility testing in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Standard M24‐A2…”

Mycobacterial Infections

“…[74][75][76][77][78] Multidrug-resistant isolates are more difficult to treat; moxifloxacin, pradofloxacin, or linezolid could be considered when other treatment options are not possible. 95 disease, surgical excision of cutaneous lesions is often followed by dehiscence and progression if resection is not complete. However, radical surgical excision by an experienced surgeon could be considered after antimicrobial drug treatment if lesions reduce in size but fail to resolve.…”

Ulcerated and Nonulcerated Nontuberculous Cutaneous Mycobacterial Granulomas in Cats and Dogs

“…2 Feline leprosy syndromes can be treated with combinations of two to three drugs from Table 1, typically clarithromycin, pradofloxacin 21 and rifampicin or clofazimine. 9,10,20 Where pradofloxacin is unavailable, the human drug moxifloxacin 22 may be substituted at a dose of 10 mg ⁄ kg p.o. once daily; because of the large tablet size, this drug needs to be compounded for use in cats and small dogs.…”