Susceptibility of the Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) to Phosphine, Ethyl Formate and Their Combination, and the Sorption and Desorption of Fumigants on Cured Tobacco Leaves

Kim, Bong Su; Shin, Eun-Mi; Park, Young Ju; Yang, Jeong-Oh

doi:10.3390/insects11090599

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Kwon et al [ 26 ] found that treatments with low-dose EF (LCT 50% level) prior to cold treatment increased the efficacy of control of pupae, which was not sufficiently controlled by only cold treatment. A better control result was achieved with a combined treatment of EF and phosphine (PH 3 ) against Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) at lower concentrations than for EF treatment alone and at lower exposure times than for phosphine treatment alone [ 22 ]. Although combined fumigants were not tested in this study, the combination of EF and PH 3 is worth investigating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, liquid EF (active ingredient: 99%) is also registered in Korea for use against the same pests as Vapormate ® . Experiments have been conducted using EF as a postharvest fumigant in the US, Australia, New Zealand, and Korea, showing good results [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No residual problem has been identified, because it readily breaks down into naturally occurring products, ethanol and formic acid [15,16]. Vapormate ® , which is the trade name of EF mixed with liquid CO 2 in a proportion of 16.7 wt.%, has been registered in Australia since 22 March 2005 (Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) Reference #56186) [17] and in Korea for use against Tetranychus urticae, scale insects, aphids, and pests of stored products such as Sitophilus zeamais and Lasioderma serricorne [11]. In addition, liquid EF (active ingredient: 99%) is also registered in Korea for use against the same pests as Vapormate ® .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fumigant Activity of Ethyl Formate against the Chestnut Weevil, Curculio sikkimensis Heller

Kwon

Lee

Kim

2022

Insects

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Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. (Fagales: Fagaceae), a species of chestnut native to Korea and Japan, is distributed in Korea, Japan, and northeastern China, where chestnuts are a major economic agroforest product. Curculio spp. is among the main known pests of chestnuts around the world. In Korea, only phosphine (PH3) is permitted for the fumigation of C. sikkimensis larva-infested chestnuts. However, it is applied for large-scale fumigation, and its use is restricted. Moreover, it requires a long exposure time and an application device; thus, it cannot be used by small-scale farmers. In this study, the activity of ethyl formate (EF) as a fumigant against Curculio sikkimensis in chestnuts was investigated, and its potential for practical use by farmers was evaluated. The sorption of EF according to the filling ratio (FR) and fumigation time was tested, and the results revealed that 2.5% FR was the most effective. For C. sikkimensis in chestnuts, the mortality rate increased proportionately with the dose of EF. After exposure to 160 g/m3 of EF in a 12 L desiccator, the adult C. sikkimensis showed 100% mortality. According to the time–dose mortality data collected over 12 h of fumigation, the LCT90 and LCT99 values were estimated as 1052.0 and 1952.0 g·h/m3. The results revealed that immersion was not an effective method for controlling C. sikkimensis. According to the LCT values, a dose of 180.0 g/m3 and 12 h of fumigation resulted in 100% mortality on a small scale (2 m3). The results of this experiment indicate that EF could be conveniently used as a fumigant by farmers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fumigant Activity of Ethyl Formate against the Chestnut Weevil, Curculio sikkimensis Heller

Kwon

Lee

Kim

2022

Insects

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“…L. serricorne is the insect considered to cause the most damage to tobacco, especially cured tobacco leaves (Kathirvel et al, 2019). L. serricorne damages tobacco by excavating tunnels and holes (Kim et al, 2020). Another tobacco leaf damage that occurs during storage in the warehouse is oily tobacco leaves (see Fig.…”

Section: Identification Of Leaf Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

A FMEA-based Approach to Identify Risk of Damage for Besuki Na-Oogst Tobacco Leaves

2021

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Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco is a type of plantation commodity that requires special handling. Improper post-harvest handling increases the risks of being damaged. This study aimed to identify the types of damage to Besuki Na‑Oogst tobacco leaves, analyze the risk level of damage to Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco leaves, and provide recommendations for risk control of tobacco leaves damage. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method was applied to Identify the Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco leaves risk damages. This method can determine the value of severity, occurrence, and detection to obtain a critical Risk Priority Number (RPN) that indicates the most critical level of risk. The results showed that the types of damage to Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco leaf classified as having a high-risk impact were perforated leaves, oily leaves, white spots, blue spots, and moldy leaves indicated by RPN values greater than the critical value. If these risks are not appropriately handled, it can decrease the quality of the tobacco leaves, resulting in losses. The risk control of leaf damage is based on risk-causing factors in suggestions for improvements that the management can follow up. Keywords: Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco leaves; critical value; FMEA; risk; RPN ABSTRAK Tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst merupakan jenis komoditas perkebunan yang memerlukan penanganan khusus. Penanganan pasca panen yang tidak tepat menimbulkan risiko yang tidak diinginkan yaitu daun tembakau menjadi rusak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kerusakan daun tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst, menganalisis tingkat risiko kerusakan daun tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst, dan memberikan rekomendasi pengendalian risiko kerusakan daun tembakau. Identifikasi risiko kerusakan daun tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. Metode ini dapat digunakan untuk menentukan nilai keparahan, kejadian, dan deteksi untuk mendapatkan risk priority number kritis yang menunjukkan tingkat risiko paling kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kerusakan pada daun tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst yang tergolong berisiko tinggi adalah daun berlubang, daun berminyak, bercak putih, bercak biru, dan daun berjamur yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai RPN lebih besar dari nilai kritis. Jika risiko tersebut tidak ditangani dengan baik, maka daun tembakau akan mengalami penurunan kualitas yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian. Pengendalian risiko kerusakan daun tembakau didasarkan pada faktor penyebab risiko berupa saran perbaikan yang dapat ditindaklanjuti oleh pihak perusahaan. Kata kunci: Daun tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst; FMEA; nilai kritis; risiko; RPN

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“…The combination treatment of two fumigants has been reported from a variety of applications due to the complementary features; EF acts quickly at high doses and PH 3 acts slowly at low doses [7,17,18]. To apply the combinational application in quarantine, pineapples and sweet pumpkins were used for controlling two-spotted spider mites and citrus mealybugs in Korea [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects and Toxic Mechanism of Phosphine with Ethyl Formate against Citrus Mealybug (Planococcus citri)

et al. 2021

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Methyl bromide (MB) has been used in a wide range of applications, but since it was determined to be an ozone-depleting compound, it has only been used for pre-shipment and quarantine purposes in trade. Phosphine (PH3) is currently the ideal fumigant as an MB alternative worldwide. However, the development of PH3 resistance in the target insect pest and longer PH3 fumigation treatment times raise questions about the continued use of PH3. This study attempted to shorten treatment time via combination treatment with ethyl formate (EF). Planococcus citri was used as the main quarantine pest in Korea, and the acute toxicity of EF, PH3, and EF + PH3 was determined at every developmental stage. EF treatment at 4 h showed LCT99 values of 45.85~65.43 mg∙h/L, and PH3 treatment at 20 h showed that of 0.13~0.83 mg∙h/L depending on the developmental stage. The efficacy of PH3 decreased after reducing the treatment time, but synergistic effects were observed at all stages of development of P. citri when both fumigants were used simultaneously for 4 h. After combined treatment, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase expression and the production of two phospholipids, PI(O-16:0) and PC(18:2), were significantly reduced in treated P. citri adults compared with the control. Therefore, combined treatments might be key to reducing the treatment time and resistance of PH3 in the field.

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Susceptibility of the Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) to Phosphine, Ethyl Formate and Their Combination, and the Sorption and Desorption of Fumigants on Cured Tobacco Leaves

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Fumigant Activity of Ethyl Formate against the Chestnut Weevil, Curculio sikkimensis Heller

Fumigant Activity of Ethyl Formate against the Chestnut Weevil, Curculio sikkimensis Heller

A FMEA-based Approach to Identify Risk of Damage for Besuki Na-Oogst Tobacco Leaves

Synergistic Effects and Toxic Mechanism of Phosphine with Ethyl Formate against Citrus Mealybug (Planococcus citri)

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