Susceptibility to Being Lured Away by a Stranger: A Real-World Field Test of Selective Trust in Early Childhood

Li, Qinggong; Zhang, Wenyu; Heyman, Gail D.; Compton, Brian J.; Lee, Kang

doi:10.1177/0956797620966526

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Any of these specific factors could have affected the results. For example, the gender and age of the partner might have played a role in the generalizations participants made, as is suggested by evidence that men tend to be viewed as more threatening than women (Li et al., 2020) and that preschool‐age children tend to prefer to play with same‐age peers (Shutts et al., 2010). The accent of the game partner (Kinzler et al., 2009) as well as the specific ingroups and outgroups in question (Birtel et al., 2019; Qian et al., 2017) might have played a role as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young children form generalized attitudes based on a single encounter with an outgroup member

Qian

Amemiya

et al. 2021

Developmental Science

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The goal of the present research was to assess whether children's first interaction with a single outgroup member can significantly impact their general attitudes toward the outgroup as a whole. In two preregistered studies, 5-to 6-year-old Chinese children (total N = 147) encountered a Black adult from another country for the very first time, and they played a game together. General attitudes toward the outgroup were assessed using both implicit and explicit measures. In both studies, the interaction resulted in less negative explicit attitudes toward Black people, but more negative implicit attitudes. The results demonstrate for the first time that one encounter with a single outgroup member can impact children's general attitudes toward that group, and that it can have differential effects on implicit and explicit attitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young children form generalized attitudes based on a single encounter with an outgroup member

Qian

Amemiya

et al. 2021

Developmental Science

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“…It would be interesting for future research to extend the current aims to other social settings that do not involve a transactional decision, such as how children trust teachers, their friends' parents, or individuals they interact with online. Recently, in a field study assessing children's susceptibility CHILDREN'S USE OF CUES IN ECONOMIC TRUST GAME 9 to being lured away by strangers, Li et al (2020) found that, alarmingly, about half of their preschool-aged child participants left the playground with a confederate in the study. However, children were less likely to be lured away by an adult who provided inaccurate and unreliable information (Li et al, 2020).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, in a field study assessing children's susceptibility CHILDREN'S USE OF CUES IN ECONOMIC TRUST GAME 9 to being lured away by strangers, Li et al (2020) found that, alarmingly, about half of their preschool-aged child participants left the playground with a confederate in the study. However, children were less likely to be lured away by an adult who provided inaccurate and unreliable information (Li et al, 2020). While Li and colleagues examined children's trust in strangers based on reputational information, they did not examine the possible influence of facial trustworthiness on children's trust in these strangers.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s dynamic use of face- and behavior-based cues in an economic trust game.

Siddique¹,

Jeffery²,

Palermo³

et al. 2022

Developmental Psychology

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Who do children trust? We investigated the extent to which children use face-based versus behavior-based cues when deciding whom to trust in a multiturn economic trust game. Children’s (N = 42; aged 8 to 10 years; 31 females; predominantly White) trust decisions were informed by an interaction between face-based and behavior-based cues to trustworthiness, similarly to those of adults (N = 41; aged 17 to 48 years; 23 females; predominantly White). Facial trustworthiness guided children’s investment decisions initially, such that they invested highly with trustworthy-looking partners and less with untrustworthy-looking partners. However, by the end of the trust game, after children had experienced game partners’ fair or unfair return behavior, they overcame this bias and instead used partners’ previous behavior to guide their trust decisions. Using partners’ return behavior to guide decisions was the most rational strategy, because partners’ facial trustworthiness was not an accurate cue to their actual trustworthiness. This dynamic use of different cues to trustworthiness suggests sophisticated levels of social cognition in children, which may reflect the social importance of trust impressions.

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“…For example, it is possible that inconsistency matters less in contexts where target and behavior valence is unambiguously negative (so there is no attempt to assess or build trust). It will also be important to examine the extent to which the present account applies to different forms of trust, including epistemic trust (Koenig & Harris, 2007) and interpersonal trust (Fu et al, 2015;Li et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the features: The role of consistency in impressions of trust

Winkielman

Nowak

2022

Soc. Psychol. Bull.

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To be successful in social life, perceivers need to form impressions of other people's trustworthiness. Current models of this process emphasize the role of specific descriptive content–individual verbal and visual features determining trust impressions. In contrast, we describe three lines of our research showing that trust impressions also depend on consistency–a sense of fit–between features. The first line demonstrates that consistency of brief verbal characterizations increases trust judgments. The second line shows that trust judgments and behaviors are boosted by incidental consistency between the foreground and background of visual scenes. The third line observes that consistency between facial features enhances impressions of trustworthiness. In all these studies, consistency (measured via subjective ratings, reaction times, and physiological measures) positively and uniquely predicted trust judgments. Overall, our results, and related findings, show that trust impressions are not a simple sum of the contributing parts, but reflect a “gestalt.” We theoretically locate these findings in frameworks emphasizing the role of fluency, predictive coding, and coherence in social cognition.

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Susceptibility to Being Lured Away by a Stranger: A Real-World Field Test of Selective Trust in Early Childhood

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Young children form generalized attitudes based on a single encounter with an outgroup member

Young children form generalized attitudes based on a single encounter with an outgroup member

Children’s dynamic use of face- and behavior-based cues in an economic trust game.

Beyond the features: The role of consistency in impressions of trust

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