Susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation in Calanus finmarchicus and Lepeophtheirus salmonis and the adaptive value of external filtering (Crustacea: Copepoda)

Vertical migration as a response to UVR stress in Calanus finmarchicus females and nauplii

“…Model simulations from Oslofjorden showed that C. fi nmarchicus CV would be protected from harmful UVR doses (LD 10 = 21.5 kJm -2 ) if they avoided the upper 1 m of the water column or if the mixed layer was greater than 7 m (Aarseth & Schram 2002). Provided that LD 10 for C. fi nmarchicus females in Lofoten is similar to that cited by Aarseth & Schram (2002), copepods would only receive harmful doses during periods with UV-B doses greater than 77 kJm -2 , which was an average value during spring 2002, combined with low attenuation (K d = 0.07 m -1 , the minimum value measured during spring 2002) in the water (Wold 2002). The amounts of UV-B to which the copepods are exposed in this area are therefore strongly regulated by the attenuation properties of the water, and vertical mixing.…”

“…Reported effects of UVR on zooplankton include a reduction in productivity and increased mortality (Zagarese & William son 2000), decreased hatching success and increased larval mortality (Damkaer et al 1980;Karanas et al 1981;Kouwenberg et al 1999;Rodriguez et al 2000;Speekmann et al 2000;Tartarotti et al 2000;Aarseth & Schram 2002). The negative effects could be attributed to UV-B in most of the studies, while effects of UV-A were more ambiguous.…”

Vertical migration as a response to UVR stress in Calanus finmarchicus females and nauplii

“…Model simulations from Oslofjorden showed that C. fi nmarchicus CV would be protected from harmful UVR doses (LD 10 = 21.5 kJm -2 ) if they avoided the upper 1 m of the water column or if the mixed layer was greater than 7 m (Aarseth & Schram 2002). Provided that LD 10 for C. fi nmarchicus females in Lofoten is similar to that cited by Aarseth & Schram (2002), copepods would only receive harmful doses during periods with UV-B doses greater than 77 kJm -2 , which was an average value during spring 2002, combined with low attenuation (K d = 0.07 m -1 , the minimum value measured during spring 2002) in the water (Wold 2002). The amounts of UV-B to which the copepods are exposed in this area are therefore strongly regulated by the attenuation properties of the water, and vertical mixing.…”

“…Reported effects of UVR on zooplankton include a reduction in productivity and increased mortality (Zagarese & William son 2000), decreased hatching success and increased larval mortality (Damkaer et al 1980;Karanas et al 1981;Kouwenberg et al 1999;Rodriguez et al 2000;Speekmann et al 2000;Tartarotti et al 2000;Aarseth & Schram 2002). The negative effects could be attributed to UV-B in most of the studies, while effects of UV-A were more ambiguous.…”

Impacts of UV radiation on respiration, ammonia excretion, and survival of copepods with different feeding habits

“…Solar UVR not only harms secondary producers (zooplankton) directly (Aarseth & Schram, 2002;Tartarotti & Torres, 2009;Ma et al, 2012) but also affects them indirectly (Scott et al, 1999;De Lange & Van Reeuwijk, 2003) by changing the biochemical composition of the phytoplankton (Nahon et al, 2010). UVR is notorious for decreasing zooplankton reproduction, deforming nauplii, and increasing mortality (Kouwenberg et al, 1999;Dattilo et al, 2005).…”