Suspected case of monkeypox reinfection versus reactivation in a immunocompetent patient, Barcelona, 2022

Álvarez-López, Patricia; Borras-Bermejo, Blanca; Pérez, Luis López; Antón, Andrés; Piñana, María; García-Pérez, Jorge-Néstor; Descalzo, Vicente; Monforte, Arnau; Martínez-Gómez, Xavier; Falcó, Vicenç; Arando, Maider

doi:10.1177/09564624231162426

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Given that the cases of reinfection and breakthrough infection of MPXV among vaccinated individuals, 12–17 potential safety concerns, 18 and risk for lack of effectiveness and relatively low levels of neutralizing antibodies against MPXV induced by JYNNEOS and ACAM2000, 25 it becomes obvious that smallpox vaccines and natural immunity sometimes might fail in providing enough protection against MPXV. Therefore, MPXV vaccines should be based more on specific and designated targets instead on attenuated viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results indicated that the mRNA vaccine candidate MPXfus and MPXmix were capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against poxvirus. Given that the cases of reinfection and breakthrough infection of MPXV among vaccinated individuals, [12][13][14][15][16][17] potential safety concerns, 18 and risk for lack of effectiveness and relatively low levels of neutralizing antibodies against MPXV induced by JYNNEOS and ACAM2000, 25 response to epidemics of infectious diseases. 19 Recently, four manuscripts posted on biorxiv as preprint documents and three research articles demonstrated seven mRNA vaccines against MPXV are being developed.…”

Section: Immune Sera Of Mpxfus-or Mpxmiximmunized Mice Showed Effecti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 However, potential safety concerns, cases of reinfection, and breakthrough infection make these two smallpox vaccines far from the medical demand worldwide. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Therefore, safe, effective, and widely applicable vaccines for MPXV prevention are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACAM2000 is a live attenuated vaccine and JYNNEOS is a nonreplicative vaccine based on VACV Ankara strain 10,11 . However, potential safety concerns, cases of reinfection, and breakthrough infection make these two smallpox vaccines far from the medical demand worldwide 12–18 . Therefore, safe, effective, and widely applicable vaccines for MPXV prevention are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and comparison of immune responses induced by two Mpox mRNA vaccine candidates in mice

Yang,

Hu,

Yang

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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The epidemic of Mpox virus (MPXV) from May 2022 was once declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. Vaccines play an important role in prevention of infectious diseases, and mRNA vaccine technology was proved to be a safe and effective platform with successful application in defense of coronavirus disease 2019. In this study, based on A29L, M1R, A35R, and B6R of MPXV, we developed two MPXV mRNA vaccine candidates, designated as MPXfus and MPXmix. The MPXfus was one‐component, in which these four antigen proteins were linked in tandem by flexible linker and encoded by an individual mRNA as a fusion protein. The MPXmix was multicomponent containing four mRNA, and each mRNA encoded one antigen protein respectively. Mice were immunized with equal quality of MPXfus or MPXmix, delivered by lipid nanoparticles for evaluation and comparison of the immune responses induced by these two MPXV vaccine candidates. Results of immune response analyses indicated that both MPXfus and MPXmix could elicit high‐level of antigen‐specific antibodies and robust cellular immune response in mice. Moreover, results of virus neutralization assays suggested that sera from MPXfus‐ or MPXmix‐immunized mice possessed high neutralizing activities against vaccinia virus. In addition, titers of antigen‐specific antibody, levels of cellular immune response, and activities of neutralizing antibody against vaccinia virus induced by MPXfus and MPXmix presented no significant difference. In summary, this study provides valuable insights for further clinical development of one‐component and multicomponent mRNA vaccine candidates for the prevention of MPXV and other orthomyxoviruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune Sera Of Mpxfus-or Mpxmiximmunized Mice Showed Effecti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and comparison of immune responses induced by two Mpox mRNA vaccine candidates in mice

Yang,

Hu,

Yang

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…To date, 10 cases of MPXV reinfection were reported in various countries including Spain, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Nigeria, Italy, Brazil, and others. 16,[28][29][30][31][32][33] Table 2 presents basic information of these cases.…”

Section: Risk Factors and Clinical Symptoms Of Mpox Breakthrough Infe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakthrough infection and reinfection in patients with mpox

Jiang,

Hu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Recently, patients with Mpox breakthrough infection or reinfection were constantly reported. However, the induction, risk factors, and important clinical symptoms of breakthrough infection and reinfection of Mpox virus (MPXV), as well as the factors affecting the effectiveness of Mpox vaccine are not characterized. Herein, a literature review was preformed to summarize the risk factors and important clinical symptoms of patients with Mpox breakthrough infection or reinfection, as well as the factors affecting the effectiveness of smallpox vaccine against Mpox. Results showed that MSM sexual behavior, condomless sexual behavior, multiple sexual partners, close contact, HIV infection, and the presence of comorbidity are important risk factors for Mpox breakthrough infection and reinfection. Genital ulcers, proctitis, and lymphadenopathy are the important clinical symptoms of Mpox breakthrough infection and reinfection. The effectiveness of emergent vaccination of smallpox vaccine for post‐exposure of MPXV is associated with smallpox vaccination history, interval between exposure and vaccination, and history of HIV infection. This review provides a better understanding for the risk factors and important clinical symptoms of Mpox breakthrough infection and reinfection, as well as the formulation of Mpox vaccine vaccination strategies.

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Les analyses bibliographiques en maladies infectieuses du groupe GrIDIST – sélection troisième trimestre 2023

Krygier,

Nouchi,

Blaizot

et al. 2023

Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie - FMC

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Suspected case of monkeypox reinfection versus reactivation in a immunocompetent patient, Barcelona, 2022

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation and comparison of immune responses induced by two Mpox mRNA vaccine candidates in mice

Evaluation and comparison of immune responses induced by two Mpox mRNA vaccine candidates in mice

Breakthrough infection and reinfection in patients with mpox

Les analyses bibliographiques en maladies infectieuses du groupe GrIDIST – sélection troisième trimestre 2023

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