Suspended particulate variations and mass size distributions of incense burning at Tzu Yun Yen temple in Taiwan, Taichung

Fang, Guor‐Cheng; Chang, Cheng‐Nan; Wu, Yuh-Shen; Yang, Changju; Chang, Shyh-Chyi; Yang, I-Lin

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00227-9

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Particulate combustion products larger than 2.5μm was negligible and those larger than 10μm were even not detected in rose and aglaia incenses. Such finding in size range is consistent with those from incense burning for worshipping ancestors and gods in the literature [2], [4], [6], [9], [10]. Among the three fragrances tested, lavender incense burning generated much more amount of particles than rose and aglaia incenses.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Particle Size Distribution of Aromatic Incense Burning Products

Lin¹,

Hsu²,

Su³

2015

IJESD

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Abstract-Aromatic incense burning, which is aimed to alleviate some psychological and physical disorders, in indoor settings has been popular globally, yet the resulting indoor air pollution and the potential hazards arisen from incense burning has usually been ignored by most people. To date, knowledge about aromatic incense burning and the potential adverse health effects are still limited. Whether the size distribution of particulate form of combustion products is determined by the fragrance of aromatic incense burning is not clear. Accordingly, the present study is aiming to explore the size distribution of the particulate products from aromatic incense burning. In this study, three kinds of aromatic incense (lavender, rose, aglaia) were combusted in a homemade chamber, the Marple cascade impactor was used to collect different size ranges of particles and other combustion-related pollutants. The results of the study indicated that most of the particles emitted were smaller than PM 2.5 , regardless the fragrance of aromatic incense. The major sizes fell within the range between 1.55μm and 0.93μm and lavender incense was found to have the greatest emission factor in this size range. Compared with the regular incenses, aromatic incense burning has smaller emission factor. This study concludes that the combustion products of these three fragrances of aromatic incense are mainly PM 2.5 and may pose adverse health effect when inhaled. Therefore, adequate ventilation is strongly suggested when aromatic incense is burning and moderate usage is advised. Moreover, future studies on other popular fragrances of incense and many more forms of aromatic products are warranted.Index Terms-Aromatic incense, particle size distribution, PM 2.5 .

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Particle Size Distribution of Aromatic Incense Burning Products

Lin¹,

Hsu²,

Su³

2015

IJESD

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“…The emission factors of PM2.5 from incense burning varied between 0.4-44 mg/g [7] to 5-56 mg/g [8]. The study from Taiwan [9] showed that concentrations of indoor suspended particulate (PM 2.5 , PM 2.5-10 and PM 10 ) increased during the time when pilgrims appeared at the incense S. Bootdee [10]. The average TSP concentration in the indoor was 790 µg/m 3 , which was 3-11 times higher than the outdoors (72.5 µg/m3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Emission of Fine Particulate Matter and Nitrogen Dioxide from Incense Burning in Shrines, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Bootdee¹,

Chantara²

2014

IJESD

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Abstract-The inhalation of fine particles (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) has been associated with health problems. Incense burning is an important indoor source of these pollutants. This research aims to measure PM 2.5 and NO 2 emitted from incense burning in shrines on special occasions and during normal periods to assess the indoor air quality changes. PM 2.5 samples were collected on Teflon filters using a mini volume air sampler set up inside the shrines, while NO 2 samples were collected by tube type passive samplers, set up both indoors and outdoors. When special events were compared with normal occasions, the mean PM 2.5 concentrations obtained from 8 and 24 hrs were significantly different (p<0.05). Moreover, their concentrations were significantly higher on Chinese New Year than on other special occasions. In the case of NO 2 , the concentrations were not different among a variety of special occasions, but were higher than the values measured during the normal periods. Moreover, NO 2 concentrations were not found to be significantly different when the indoor and the outdoor values were compared. The values of PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations at both shrines were highest during the Chinese New Year. The main reason for this was clearly the number of visitors, which was related with the amount of incense being burned. Concentrations of NO 2 and PM 2.5 were well correlated (r = 0.580 -0.779) in every occasion. It can be concluded that the amount of incense being burned played a significant role in pollutant emissions and the indoor air quality.Index Terms-PM 2.5 , nitrogen dioxide, incense burning, indoor air quality.

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“…Joss paper burning has been found to be a significant source of toxic substances, e.g., PM (Fan and Zhang, 2001;Fang et al, 2002), metals (Lau and Luk, 2001;Fang et al, 2003), and PAHs (Chao et al, 1997;Lin et al, 2002;Lung and Hu, 2003;Fang et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2007;Rao et al, 2008). As a result, the health of people working in temples, visitors, and residents living nearby might be affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofuran from Joss Paper Burned in Taiwanese Temples

Chen

Lai

et al. 2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Two types of furnaces (a mid-size furnace denoted as Furnace 1 and a small-size one denoted as Furnace 2) commonly used for burning joss paper, located in two temples in southern Taiwan, were selected for this study. With similar burning devices (semi-open systems), both furnaces can be used to burn joss paper with the aid of natural air supply through the inlets of furnace. In order to characterize peak emission of PCDD/Fs (usually on festival days) in the selected temples, the sampling campaigns were conducted during the festival period in September 2008. It was found that the mean total I-TEQ contents in the original (unburned) joss paper from Furnaces 1 and 2 were 1.41 and 4.51 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively. The mean total I-TEQ content in the residue of burned joss paper from Furnace 1 (7.97 ng I-TEQ/kg) was approximately 15-fold that of Furnace 2 (0.490 ng I-TEQ/kg). OCDD was the most abundant congener in the joss paper and in the residues from burned joss paper. Moreover, the emission factor of total PCDD/Fs I-TEQ content of Furnace 1 (0.176 ng I-TEQ/g-feedstock) was one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of Furnace 2 (0.0203 I-TEQ/g-feedstock). This phenomenon is probably associated with the high chlorine content in the unburned joss paper of Furnace 1, and high exhaust temperature from burning joss paper in Furnace 1 (271°C) was possibly within a range that might highly promote de novo formation of PCDD/Fs. It is necessary for the investigated furnaces to install air pollution control devices in order to reduce the PCDD/F emission from joss paper burning.

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Suspended particulate variations and mass size distributions of incense burning at Tzu Yun Yen temple in Taiwan, Taichung

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Particle Size Distribution of Aromatic Incense Burning Products

Particle Size Distribution of Aromatic Incense Burning Products

Emission of Fine Particulate Matter and Nitrogen Dioxide from Incense Burning in Shrines, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Characteristics of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofuran from Joss Paper Burned in Taiwanese Temples

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