Sustainability Challenges in Oil and Gas Development in the Middle East and North Africa

Rana, Mohan S.; Vinoba, Mari; AlHumaidan, Faisal S.

doi:10.1007/s40518-017-0091-3

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Accounting for energy performance in the design of buildings is imperative especially in regions with more extreme climates including the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region (Rana et al, 2017). The MENA region is particularly renowned for its climatic extremes during Summers, where temperatures can rise to more than 45°C (Lelieveld et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical optimisation of location and design of windows by considering energy performance, lighting and privacy of buildings

Hammad

Akbarnezhad

Grzybowska

et al. 2019

SASBE

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Purpose The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is known for its extreme weather conditions during Summer. A major determinant of the sustainability of the design of a building is its fenestrations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the problem of designing and locating windows on building facades such that a number of relevant criteria to the MENA region are optimised, including solar heat gain, privacy, daylighting and cost of installation. Design/methodology/approach A multi-objective optimisation problem is proposed with the focus on capturing the requirements of residential dwellings in the MENA region. Since the problem contains conflicting objectives that need to be optimised, a lexicographic approach is adopted. In order to display the Pareto curve, a bi-objective analysis based on the ε-constraint method is utilised. Findings The conflicting nature of the proposed problem is indicated via the Pareto optimal solutions yielded. Depending on the preference of criteria adopted in lexicographic optimisation, the location of the windows on the building façade tends to change. The bi-objective analysis indicates the importance of balancing out the daylight factor against each of privacy, solar heat gain and installation cost criteria. Furthermore, an analysis conducted in three major cities in the MENA region highlights the discrepancy in design alternatives generated depending on the local climatic condition. Originality/value This work proposes a novel mathematical optimisation model which focuses on producing a sustainable design and layout for windows on the facades of residential dwellings located in the MENA region. The proposed model provides designers with guidance through an automated support tool that yields optimised window designs and layout to ensure the sustainability of their designed buildings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical optimisation of location and design of windows by considering energy performance, lighting and privacy of buildings

Hammad

Akbarnezhad

Grzybowska

et al. 2019

SASBE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Carbon dioxide and methane are the two most important anthropogenic green house gases, which have risen beyond 400 ppm and 1800 ppb, respectively in the atmosphere today [3,4], mainly due to emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and cement production [5]. Nowadays, scientists and engineers around the world pay more attention to clean technologies about effi cient utilization of limited fossil fuels with minimum environ mental impact [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation behavior of Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst in nonthermal plasma-enabled catalysis

Sheng

Kameshima

Yao

et al. 2018

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The oxidation behavior of Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst in CO 2 plasma was investigated compared with CO 2 thermal oxidation, aiming for providing new insight into oxidationreduction cycle of plasma catalysis of dry methane reforming (DMR). Temperature programmed reaction spectrometry was applied to enable a quantitative analysis of gas consumption which is related to the oxidation and reduction of Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. The nonthermal plasma oxidation mechanism was further analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, showing the crosssectional distribution of NiO over the 3 mm spherical catalyst pellets. Nonthermal plasmaexcited CO 2 oxidizes Ni only near the external surface of spherical pellets with 20 μm depth: both dielectric barrier discharge generation and plasmaexcited species diffusion into the internal pores are inhibited. The partially oxidized Ni catalyst in the external surface would promote plasmaenabled oxidationreduction cycle, which was further correlated with coke formation behavior in plasma catalysis of DMR.

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“…These waste catalysts are hazardous, and their disposal in the landfills is not advised mainly due to the heavy metal leaching in the soil [2], [3]. Worldwide, about 840,000 t/year spent catalysts is generated, which is expected to further increase with the heavier feedstock [4], [5]. Despite the huge amount of waste, their disposal processes have not been widely developed from the point of view of environmental and economic importance [6]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Edta on Metal Removal From Refinery Waste Catalysts

Marafi

Rana

2018

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Waste spent hydro-processing catalysts contains significant quantities of heavy metals such as Mo, Ni, V, and Co. The disposal of waste refinery catalysts is a serious environmental concern because of the presence of heavy metals. Hence, an attempt has been made to recover the metals from a refinery waste ARDS catalyst using organic acids such acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as leaching agents. EDTA has been found to be a most reactive agent for extraction along with the recycling of the leachant. EDTA acts as an auxiliary complexing agent and binds selectively to the metals particularly Ni, Co, V, and Mo. Hence EDTA is the most active complexing agent for the selective binding of metals in a variety of matrixes. The effect of different process conditions such as pH, temperature (35-60°C), concentration (2-10 wt.%), reaction time (1-6 h), and solid to liquid ratio (1:15-1:40) on metal recovery was investigated. It was found that the EDTA can remove 97% of Mo, 95% of Ni, and 94% of V under optimum process conditions. Subsequently, the effluents of the process are also separated as metal salts, solvent, and EDTA.

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Sustainability Challenges in Oil and Gas Development in the Middle East and North Africa

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Mathematical optimisation of location and design of windows by considering energy performance, lighting and privacy of buildings

Mathematical optimisation of location and design of windows by considering energy performance, lighting and privacy of buildings

Oxidation behavior of Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst in nonthermal plasma-enabled catalysis

Role of Edta on Metal Removal From Refinery Waste Catalysts

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Sustainability Challenges in Oil and Gas Development in the Middle East and North Africa

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Mathematical optimisation of location and design of windows by considering energy performance, lighting and privacy of buildings

Mathematical optimisation of location and design of windows by considering energy performance, lighting and privacy of buildings

Oxidation behavior of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in nonthermal plasma-enabled catalysis

Role of Edta on Metal Removal From Refinery Waste Catalysts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Oxidation behavior of Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst in nonthermal plasma-enabled catalysis