Sustainability, energy budgeting, and life cycle assessment of crop-dairy-fish-poultry mixed farming system for coastal lowlands under humid tropic condition of India

Paramesh, Venkatesh; Parajuli, Ranjan; Chakurkar, E.B.; Sreekanth, G. B.; Kumar, Himalaya; Gokuldas, P.P.; Mahajan, Gopal Ramdas; Manohara, K. K.; Viswanatha, Reddy K.; Ravisankar, N.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.116101

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…An integrated farming system (IFS) can bring about a substantial and sustained increase in agricultural production ensuring the livelihood of farm households 4 – 6 . The farming system is a population of individual farm households, its resources, resource flows, and interactions at individual farm level, that have broadly similar resource bases, enterprise patterns, household livelihoods, and constraints for which similar development strategies and interventions would be appropriate 7 . The farming system represents an appropriate combination of farm enterprises viz .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm typology of smallholders integrated farming systems in Southern Coastal Plains of Kerala, India

Innazent

Jacob

Bindhu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Adoption of an integrated farming system (IFS) is essential to achieve food and nutritional security in small and marginal holdings. Assessment of IFS to know the resource availability and socio-economic condition of the farm household, farm typology plays a critical role. In this regard, a sample survey of 200 marginal households practicing mixed crop-livestock agriculture was conducted during 2018–2019 at Southern Coastal Plains, which occupies 19,344 ha in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. Farming system typology using multivariate statistical techniques of principal component analysis and cluster analysis characterized the diverse farm households coexisting within distinct homogenous farm types. Farming system typology identified four distinct farm types viz. resource constrained type-1 households with small land owned, high abundance of poultry, very low on-farm income, constituted 46.5%; resource endowed type-2 households oriented around fruit and vegetable, plantation crop, with a moderate abundance of large ruminant and poultry, high on-farm income, constituted 12.5%; resource endowed type-3 household oriented around food grain, extensive use of farm machinery, with a moderate abundance of large ruminant, low on-farm income, constituted 21.5%; and resource endowed type-4 household oriented around fodder, with high abundance of large ruminant, medium on-farm income, constituted 19.5% of sampled households. Constraint analysis using constraint severity index assessed the severity of constraints in food grain, horticulture, livestock, complementary and supplementary enterprises in each farm type, which allowed targeted farming systems interventions to be envisaged to overcome soil health problems, crops and animal production constraints. Farming system typology together with constraint analysis are therefore suggested as a practical framework capable of identifying type-specific farm households for targeted farming systems interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm typology of smallholders integrated farming systems in Southern Coastal Plains of Kerala, India

Innazent

Jacob

Bindhu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Conventional tillage practices and improved mechanization are responsible for the higher use of diesel fuel, leading to more GHG emission, which in turn primes the farm to have methane emissions under reduced conditions. Periodic soil testing and the use of organic sources of nutrients such as green manure, Azolla cultivation and FYM application can reduce the indiscriminate use of fertilizers [54]. This result highlights the scope of conservation tillage (in DSR conditions) to conserve energy and reduce GHG emission by lowering the use of machinery and fossil fuel combustion.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India

Ramesha

Paramesh

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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The energy consumption pattern and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of any rice production system is important to know the sustainability of varied cultivation and establishment technique. This study was conducted to determine the energy use pattern, GHG emission and efficiency of rice farms in puddled transplanted (PTR, rainfed) and direct-seeded rice (DSR, irrigated) production systems in Karnataka, India. The energy indices and GHG emission of different input and output in a rice production system were assessed by using energy and carbon equivalence. The efficiency of PTR and DSR farms were identified using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and energy optimization was ascertained. The key finding was excessive use of non-renewable energy inputs was observed for the PTR (92.4%) compare to DSR (60.3%) methods. The higher energy use efficiency (7.3), energy productivity (0.3 kg MJ−1) and energy profitability (6.3) were mainly attributed to the large decrease in energy inputs under DSR. The DEA showed efficiency for 26 PTR farms in comparison for 87 DSR farms. The mean technical efficiency value highlighted the scope for saving energy by 6% and 2% in PTR and DSR, respectively and showed an economic reduction of $405.5/ha with PTR versus $163.3/ha with the DSR method if these inefficient farms perform efficiently. The GHG emissions revealed that the total emissions for PTR versus DSR production caused by on-farm emissions were 86% and 65%, respectively. The DSR method also had a higher carbon efficiency ratio and carbon sustainability index (10.1 and 9.1, respectively). Thus, adoption of DSR method is imperative for reduction of energy consumption and GHG emissions to achieve the carbon sustainability.

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“…The use and recycling of locally available inputs and integrating them with the minimum needed quantities of external inputs would enhance the sustainability of the farming process. The IFS is the best resource management strategy to reduce dependency on market for inputs and to improve soil health (Hens & Begossi, 2008; Hu et al, 2016; Paramesh, Arunachalam, et al, 2019; Paramesh, Parajuli, et al, 2019). Shekinah et al (2005) and Sujatha and Bhat (2015) reported enhancement of nutrient use efficiency, nutrient recycling, and higher soil microbial activity when livestock and fisheries, etc.…”

Section: Literature Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…feed), thereby both externalizing pollution (for the production of inputs) and generating pollution hazards locally due to poor handling, storage, and disposal (Parajuli et al, 2018). These modern, specialized, and intensive agricultural practices affect the diversity in flora and fauna and increase vulnerability of resource poor farmers to weather and market fluctuations due to dependency on less agricultural commodities (Manjunath et al, 2018; Paramesh, Arunachalam, et al, 2019; Paramesh, Parajuli, et al, 2019). Intensive agriculture systems in India are unable to provide regular income and employment, failing to achieve food, environmental, and energy security at the farm level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated farming system approaches to achieve food and nutritional security for enhancing profitability, employment, and climate resilience in India

Paramesh

Ravisankar

Behera

et al. 2022

Food and Energy Security

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Integrated farming systems (IFS) entail a holistic approach to farming aimed at meeting the multiple demands (impart farm resilience, farmer livelihoods, food security, ecosystem services, and making farms adaptive and resilient, etc.). IFS are characterized by temporal and spatial mixing of crops, livestock, fishery, and allied activities in a single farm. It is hypothesized that these complex farms are more productive at a system level, are less vulnerable to volatility, and produce less negative externalities than simplified farms. Thereby, they cater the needs of small and marginal farmers, who are the backbone of agriculture in India. Our review of literature shows that IFS have the potential to improve farm profitability (265%) and employment (143%) compared to single enterprise farms. The literature showed that IFS enhance nutrient recycling through composting, mulching, and residue incorporation and, as a consequence, have the capacity to reduce the external purchase of inputs. The nutrient recycling in turn helps to increase the soil quality indicators such as soil nutrient availability and also improves soil microbial activity. The IFS play a major role in biodiversity conservation through adoption of diversified cropping system and through integration of indigenous livestock breeds. IFS also played important role in improving soil organic carbon from 0.75 to 0.82%. Due to increased carbon sequestration, biomass production by trees, reduced consumption of fertilizers, and pesticides the greenhouse gas emission could be reduced significantly. This results in a linked system making it sustainable and climate‐resilient. The main challenge associated with adoption of IFS is it requires skill, knowledge, resources, labor, and capital which are not always available with small and marginal farmers. There is a need for integrating productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability variables in a single evaluation framework to effectively generate information toward enhancing adaptability of IFS.

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Sustainability, energy budgeting, and life cycle assessment of crop-dairy-fish-poultry mixed farming system for coastal lowlands under humid tropic condition of India

Cited by 37 publications

References 48 publications

Farm typology of smallholders integrated farming systems in Southern Coastal Plains of Kerala, India

Farm typology of smallholders integrated farming systems in Southern Coastal Plains of Kerala, India

Energy Budgeting, Data Envelopment Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Production System: A Case Study from Puddled Transplanted Rice and Direct-Seeded Rice System of Karnataka, India

Integrated farming system approaches to achieve food and nutritional security for enhancing profitability, employment, and climate resilience in India

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