Sustainability in the making? A historical estimate of Swedish sustainable and unsustainable development 1850–2000

Natural Resources Curse in the Long Run? Bolivia, Chile and Peru in the Nordic Countries’ Mirror

“…One of the most spread of these measures is genuine savings (GS), which account for net savings, natural resource depletion, environmental damage (using CO 2 emission as a proxy), human capital formation and total factor productivity gains. There are some advances regarding two of the countries of our study; in the case of Sweden, GS estimations are available since 1850 and in the case of Chile since 1900 [134,135]. The incorporation into the analysis of resource intensity measures could also improve our understanding due to fact decoupling: the capacity of the digital economy to reduce the use of materials is going to have an impact on countries depending on natural resources [136].…”

Natural Resources Curse in the long run? Bolivia, Chile and Peru in the Nordic countries’ mirror

“…There are some advances regarding two of the countries of our study; in the case of Sweden, GS estimations are available since 1850 and in the case of Chile, since 1900. [135,136] Giving the new data elaborated by the authors of this article, we expect to have GS estimations for our six countries at the end of the project. These new measures are going to show us how much of the natural resources depletion have become in useful investments (fixed capital and human capital).…”

Where Was the Wealth of the Nation? Measuring Swedish Capital for the 19th and 20th Centuries

“…Mar Rubio (2004) further used historical environmental accounting for analyzing sustainability in Mexico and Venezuela. Aggregated historical Genuine Savings were also estimated by Lindmark and Acar (2013), showing the possibility of a 19 th century transition from slightly negative to positive genuine savings. Greasley et al (2014) demonstrated that genuine savings can be used for forecasting long-run economic growth in an analysis based on historical data.…”

“…In our estimates we use the investments figures from Lindmark & Acar (2013) which are based on municipal education expenditures obtained from Krantz (1989). For the government part of education (higher education and universities) we use actual expenditure available in the official statistics from 1913 and onwards.…”