Sustainability and resilience are issues that are recognized worldwide, and increased attention should be placed on strategies to design and maintain infrastructure systems that are hazard resilient, damage tolerant, and sustainable. In this paper, a methodology to evaluate the seismic sustainability and resilience of both conventional and base-isolated steel buildings is presented. Furthermore, the proposed approach is used to explore the difference between the performance associated with these buildings by considering the three pillars of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental. Sustainability and resilience are both considered to cover a comprehensive performance-based assessment content. The uncertainties associated with performance and consequence evaluation of structural and non-structural components are incorporated within the assessment process. The proposed performance-based assessment approach is illustrated on conventional and base-isolated steel buildings under given seismic scenarios. 54% of energy consumption in the United States is caused by building [4]. Additionally, buildings account for a paramount portion of greenhouse emission. Although building rating systems, such as LEED [5], evaluate the greenness of new and existing structural systems, the ratings do not measure building hazard performance, which can impact building sustainability performance as well. Hazardresistant and green structure design that aims to improve building performance is needed [6,7].Several improvements have been made in codes to increase seismic resistance of buildings [8]. The protection associated with non-structural components, equipment, and contents of buildings under seismic hazard is gaining increased attention in building design provisions, such as the International Building Code [9] incorporating more stringent design requirements for non-structural components. Loss associated with non-structural components could be much larger than that of structural components [10]. The concept of base-isolation can be adopted to reduce the floor acceleration of buildings, consequently, reduce the damage of acceleration sensitive non-structural components. However, because of the high initial construction cost, the performance benefits associated with base-isolated buildings are not recognized. Several studies have investigated the nonlinear seismic performance of isolated systems [10][11][12][13]; the isolation device can reduce the seismic demands compared with a base-fixed building. [14] investigated the cost and benefit of retrofitting reinforced concrete frame buildings and concluded that this benefit can outweigh the repair cost within the lifecycle. [15] concluded that an isolated building is more cost effective when the life-cycle is longer than 250 years considering the direct loss only.[10] evaluated cost-benefit of several common retrofit solutions for older RC frame buildings and showed that the cost-effectiveness became more significant when fatalities were considered. However, the sustainability per...