“…Corporate information efforts have been significantly impacted by the emergence of social media, which now includes some updated features, including removing media intermediaries, breaking the elite's control, and higher timeliness and dynamics (Lee, et al, 2013;Lyon and Montgomery, 2013;Zheng, et al, 2018). These characteristics make social media helpful for firms to carry out self-interested information dissemination (Blankespoor, et al, 2014;Lee, et al, 2015;Jung, et al, 2017;Yang and Liu, 2017), thus guiding stakeholders' impressions (Lee, et al, 2015;Manetti and Bellucci, 2016;Saxton, et al, 2019;She and Michelon, 2019;Russo, et al, 2022). However, they also create increases in firms' external supervision, expand the uncertainty of public opinion (Hales, et al, 2018;Ang, et al, 2020;Lepore, et al, 2022;Turzo, et al, 2022), and even force firms to be more responsive (Lei, et al, 2018;Fan, et al, 2020;Dube and Zhu, 2021;Zhang and Yang, 2021;Shao and He, 2022).…”