Sustainable activated carbon obtained as a by-product of the sugar and alcohol industry for removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solution

Synthesis and Characterization of Acid-Activated Carbon Prepared from Sugarcane Bagasse for Furfural Production in Aqueous Media

“…Figure 2 shows scanning electron microscopy and EDX composition obtained for the catalysts before and after functionalization. The porous structure of the AC S synthesized in this work is similar to other activated carbons produced with different carbon sources [64][65][66][67]. It is observed in micrographs of CA/NiCl 2 (Figure 2a) and CA-S/NiCl 2 (Figure 2d), which, after reaction with H 2 SO 4 , showed cracks and peeling of the internal layer of the pores (red arrows inserted in Figure 2d) due to partial degradation of the carbonic structure.…”

Toxicity and remediation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides using metal oxides and carbon nanomaterials

“…Drugs adsorption onto activated carbons. Many studies have been reported for the adsorption of drug from aqueous solution onto activated carbons, e.g., diclofenac (de Franco et al, 2018) and triclosan (Bernal et al, 2020a) onto the activated carbons, atenolol (Haro et al, 2017), and phenol, salicylic acid, and methylparaben (Bernal et al, 2020b) onto commercial granular activated carbons, ampicillin (Del Vecchio et al, 2019), and acetaminophen and salicylic acid (Bernal et al, 2020c) onto granular activated carbon, ranitidine onto activated carbon prepared from lemon peel (Bhattacharyya et al, 2019), metformin hydrochloride onto Zea mays tassel activated carbon (Kalumpha et al, 2020), metronidazole and sulfamethoxazole onto walnut shell-based activated carbon (Teixeira et al, 2019), etodolac onto microporous activated carbon derived from apricot, peach stones, and almond shell mixture biomasses (Erdem et al, 2020), acetaminophen onto cashew nut shell biomass-derived activated carbons (Geczo et al, 2020), acetylsalicylic acid and sodium diclofenac onto lovegrass (Poaceae) derived activated carbon (Cimirro et al, 2020), and amoxicillin onto activated carbon obtained from the sugar and alcohol industry byproducts (Schultz et al, 2020).…”

ZnCl2 activated mesoporous carbon from rice straw: optimization of its synthetic process and its application as a highly efficient adsorbent for amoxicillin

“…31 Considering peaks around 1600-1400 cm −1 , CC stretching vibration of aromatic rings was observed and the intensity of the peak increased as the ZnCl 2 /RS ratio increased from 0.5 to 5, indicating that higher amounts of ZnCl 2 led to more aromatic moieties within the activated carbon structure. 33 In addition, the out of plane bending of the aromatic group (900-700 cm −1 ) confirmed the existence of aromatic functionality in the activated carbons. These results indicated that variation of ZnCl 2 ratio could significantly influence both the range and quantity of the resulting functional groups on the surface of the obtained activated carbons; this was especially true for the aromatic functionalities that increased with greater loadings of ZnCl 2 .…”