“…Softwood is more resilient type of wood for bioethanol production as compared to agricultural crops waste and is composed of three biopolymers namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (Bibi et al, 2017). Several bacteria and other microorganisms are capable to reap energy from different cellulosic substrates as they possess highly specific and proficient enzymes but high polymerization and crystallinity of the substrate is the main hindrance in their catalytic activity (Haq et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2016). Therefore, it is necessary to carry out pretreatment which targets the inter fibril and intra fibril structure of the substrate exposing the cellulose and hemicellulose for further processing (Hsu, 2018).…”