Sustainable control measures of IPM of the cereal leafminer Syringopais temperatella Led. (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae): Short-term effect of tillage system

Abstract

Syringopais temperatella Led. (Lep., Scythrididae) is a serious threat of barley and wheat in Jordan as it causes a great loss in crop. There is a growing interest in the development of innovative control strategies aiming to minimize the environmental impact of pest management and improve the safety of the agro-food chain. However, little attention has been paid on the use of cultural control methods against the pest, accordingly, this study aimed at investigating the effect of tillage system in controlling S. temperatella in Jordan. The study was conducted in Karak Governorate during the 2019-2020 cropping season with four tillage types; no-tillage, moldboard, disk and chisel plows. Furthermore, three soil depths (15, 30 and 45 cm) were evaluated for each plow type. Data on the infestation percentage, number of larvae, plant height, grain yield weight, straw biomass, and soil moisture were recorded. Results revealed that pest infestation and number of larvae were significantly the lowest in moldboard plow followed by disc plow and chisel plow, and then in no-tillage. In addition, the pest infestation and number of larvae decreased significantly with increasing plowing depth. Plant height, grain yield, straw biomass and soil moisture were significantly higher when the moldboard plow was used, followed by chisel plow, disc plow, and then no-tillage; likewise, they were increased significantly with increasing tillage depth up to 45 cm. In conclusion, it is suggested to use the conventional tillage at a depth closed to 45 cm instead of no-tillage especially when a moldboard plow used.

Conservation agriculture based crop management practices impact diversity and population dynamics of the insect-pests and their natural enemies in agroecosystems

“…Tillage involves manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means such as digging, stirring, and overturning for planting and cultivation. However, the benefits of tillage could be temporary as long-term studies have shown degradation of soil structure, compaction, erosion of top soil, and extinction of soil-dwelling fauna as some of the consequences of it (Bhardwaj et al, 2016;Singh et al, 2020;Dey and Karmakar, 2021;Ghabeish et al, 2023). Other consequences of persistent use of conventional farming practices include depletion of natural resources (Kakraliya et al, 2018), biodiversity loss (Shaxson et al, 2008), environmental pollution (Stevens et al, 2012), and human health hazards (Nderitu et al, 2020).…”

Untitled

“…RAPD is considered adequate genotype identification and analysis of genetic differences among induced mutants (Wahyudi et al 2020). In addition to Heliconiaceae and Streltiziceae, RAPD has been popularly applied at inter-and intra-specific levels of various plant species, such as wheat and barley (Ghabeish et al, 2021), rice (Sholikhah et al, 2019), ramie (Mayerni et al, 2019), legumes (Purwanti et al, 2021), pea (Osman and Ali, 2021), orchid (Hartati and Samanhudi, 2022), kalanchoe (Al-Khayri et al, 2022), banana (Probojati et al, 2019;Wiguna and Pharmawati, 2021), ginger (Trimanto et al 2023), and many more. RAPD is a DNA amplification technique based on PCR using random primers and generally consists of 10 arbitrary base sequences with a minimum content of G and C bases of 60%.…”