Sustainable design of rural roads with 2+1 road design: Levels of service and traffic flow performance

Choi, Jaisung; Kim, Youngrok; Bergh, T; Kim, Sangyoup; Kim, Sungkyu

doi:10.1007/s12205-016-1696-1

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…e lack of physical carriers is due to a lower relative importance of head-on collisions. e same motivation was present in South Korea [15] and Missouri, US [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…2 + 1 roads can operate safely and effectively in areas where minor intersections and driveways provide direct access to the roadway. However, split level intersections could be preferred at the highest functional class of 2 + 1 highways, like for German EKL1 [1] Germany [14] 1,070-1,600 For directional traffic volume of 700 veh/h Germany [3] 600-1,2000 Should not exceed 4,000 m Denmark [27] 1,000-2,000 Recommended value of 1,500 m Norway [28] 1,000-2,000 Depends on AADT [15] 800-1,500 - Advances in Civil Engineering or at relatively high traffic flows in the UK [32]. is decision was taken because the observed 2 + 1 highways with split level intersections had the most favorable accident cost rates and the most uniform speed levels [34] because at-grade intersections force drivers to reduce speed or even to stop.…”

Section: Intersections and Access Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only the German Highway Capacity Manual [53] establishes a procedure to evaluate quality of flow in 2 + 1 highways. Some authors have used speed variation [2,10,15,22,45,48] or speed differential on the 2-lane and 1-lane sections [50], while others have used the percentage of platoons dissolved [2,21,34,40,49] or the time-to-collision distribution [22,33]. It is still unclear which performance measure(s) could be used for Class II and Class III 2 + 1 highways, on which 2 + 1 sections alternate with conventional two-lane highways.…”

Section: Median Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current simulation tools have incorporated passing maneuvers using the opposing lane, as well as lane changing. However, merging behavior is adapted from freeways and could not represent well the conflicts at the transitions, especially at volumes close to capacity [15,22]. Further, Kaistinen et al [30] indicated that passing times in 2 + 1 highways are longer than in two-lane highways, which could lead to a specific passing model for 2 + 1 highways.…”

Section: Median Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this research, revival of primitive models or simplification of complex models would be needed: a simplified model is required to make it operational and easy to apply. One example is the speed-flow relationships that are included in the German Highway Capacity Manual (HBS) [53] or the proposed for the Korean Highway Capacity Manual [15]. ey input basic traffic and alignment data and provide expected average travel speed and density.…”

Section: A Simplified Model For Facility Regional or Nationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

2 + 1 Highways: Overview and Future Directions

Romana

Martin-Gasulla

Moreno

2018

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Most of the rural transportation system is composed of two-lane highways, and many of them serve as the primary means for rural access to urban areas and freeways. In some highways, traffic volumes can be not high enough to justify a four-lane highway but higher than can be served by isolated passing lanes, or can present high number of head-on collisions. In those conditions, 2 + 1 highways are potentially applicable. This type of highway is used to provide high-performance highways as intermediate solution between the common two-lane highway and the freeway. Successful experiences reported in Germany, Sweden, Finland, Poland, or Texas (US) may suggest that they are potentially applicable in other countries. The objective of this white paper is to provide an overview of the past practice in 2 + 1 highways and discuss the research directions and challenges in this field, specially focusing on, but not limited to, operational research in association with the activities of the Subcommittee on Two-Lane Highways (AHB40 2.2) of the Transportation Research Board. The significance of this paper is twofold: (1) it provides wider coverage of past 2 + 1 highways design and evaluation, and (2) it discusses future directions of this field.

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“…e lack of physical carriers is due to a lower relative importance of head-on collisions. e same motivation was present in South Korea [15] and Missouri, US [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Intersections and Access Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Median Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Median Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Simplified Model For Facility Regional or Nationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

2 + 1 Highways: Overview and Future Directions

Romana

Martin-Gasulla

Moreno

2018

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Research on 2+1 alternate highway setting in mountain area based on VISSIM simulation

liu

Zhang

et al. 2023

Sixth International Conference on Traffic Engineering and Transportation System (ICTETS 2022)

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For a long time, the operation efficiency of highways in Sichuan plateau mountainous areas has been low, and overtaking accidents occur frequently. In addition, many places are limited by natural conditions and unable to build the two-way four-lane highway. Hence, this paper proposes a new scheme to transform and expand the two-lane road into a 2+1 alternate lane. We used VISSIM software, combined with the actual traffic characteristics of the Sichuan mountainous area, and integrated with the driving behavior features to conduct a simulation analysis on the geometric parameter design, setting influencing factors and applicability of 2+1 alternate highway. It not only fills the domestic research gap but also provides theoretical support for building a safe and efficient mountain traffic system. The study found: This scheme optimizes the service level while improving the operation efficiency. When the proportion of trucks exceeds 20%, prohibiting trucks from passing through overtaking lanes shows relatively higher service levels. 2+1 alternate highways in mountainous areas have significantly better service levels than other options when the overtaking lane length is set to 550-900m, and the speed limit in the single lane is 50-100km/h.

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Spatial Optimization of Tourist-Oriented Villages by Space Syntax Based on Population Analysis

2022

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Tourism-oriented countryside is a development object that cannot be ignored in Chinese rural revitalization. As a special type of countryside, urban expansion and development have led to the gradual reduction of rural areas, which, in turn, has led to the deterioration of the spatial structure of tourism villages and the interdependence between villagers, merchants, and tourists. This has caused the loss of vitality of rural tourism spaces and the hollowing out of tourism villages. In our study, we used Space Syntax, based on population analysis, to research the three major populations of villagers, merchants, and tourists in tourism-oriented countryside. We optimized a total of four categories of rural space: street space, cultural space, landscape space, and public facilities. We found that spatial optimization improves the spatial layout, spatial accessibility, and spatial compounding of spaces. By constructing a model of harmonious development of the spatial structure of tourism villages with villagers, merchants, and tourists, the problem of hollowing out of tourism villages can be effectively solved. This will ease the contradictory relationship between urban development and rural revitalization, promoting the sustainable development of Chinese society, economy, and culture.

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Sustainable design of rural roads with 2+1 road design: Levels of service and traffic flow performance

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

2 + 1 Highways: Overview and Future Directions

2 + 1 Highways: Overview and Future Directions

Research on 2+1 alternate highway setting in mountain area based on VISSIM simulation

Spatial Optimization of Tourist-Oriented Villages by Space Syntax Based on Population Analysis

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